PRAXIS QUESTIONS OF THE DAY LATEST REAL EXAM
200+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |AGRADE
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at an acute rehabilitation hospital has just
received a patient with flaccid dysarthria on his/her caseload. After the first session,
the SLP decides that the patient may benefit from abdominal trussing. Which of the
following rationales for adopting this method for this particular patient would be
appropriate for the SLP to use?
A) To counter inspirartory weakness and assist in creation of inspiratory force for the
generation of subglottal pressure during inspiration.
B) To increase vocal fold tension leading to increased loudness and improved vocal
quality.
C) To counter expiratory weakness and assist in creation of expiratory force for the
generation of subglottal pressure during expiration.
D) To improve functioning of both the direct and indirect upper motor neuron
pathways. - ANSWER: C. To counter expiratory weakness and assist in creation of
expiratory force for the generation of subglottal pressure during expiration.
Feedback: Use of abdominal trussing would most likely be used with patient who has
impairments in the respiratory subsystem. This method would be used to counter
expiratory weakness and assist in the creation of expiratory force for increased
subglottal pressures. Depending upon the needs of the specific patient, abdominal
trussing can be used on a short-term or long-term basis.
An infant is being raised in a home with English-speaking parents, one of whom also
speaks German. The parents have decided that they would like to expose their child
to both the English and German language while the child grows up. Which of the
following BEST describes this scenario?
A) Successive Bilingualism
B) Simultaneous biculturalism.
C) Simultaneous bilingualism.
D) Generative beculturalism - ANSWER: C. Simultaneous bilingualism
Feedback: Simultaneous bilingualism occurs when two or more languages are
learned at the same time. Because this child is being exposed to both English and
German at the same time, the child is experiencing simultaneous bilingualism. This
typically begins shortly after birth and continues to be a feature of the care-giving
environment. In contrast to this, successive bilingualism occurs when a second
language (or more) is learned after the acquisition of a first language. If the child
from this scenario learned English first, and then his parents taught him German, this
would constitute successive bilingualism. Finally, simultaneous biculturalism
technically refers to being raised in tow cultures at the same time. While language is
,intertwined with a culture, the child's language learning does not have to include
learning about the associated culture.
A child with speech sound problems has recently been diagnosed with a speech
sound disorder, characterized by difficulty producing interdental and alveolar
fricatives. Which of the following speech sounds would this child demonstrate
difficulty producing?
A) /f/ and /h/
B) /ð/ and /s/
C) /z/ and /tʃ/
D) /θ/ and /b/ - ANSWER: B. /ð/ and /s/
Feedback: The interdental fricatives include /ð/ and /θ/, and the alveolar fricatives
include /s/ and /z/. As this child demonstrates speech sound errors on the /ð/ and
/s/. In contrast, /f/ and /h/ are labiodental and glottal fricatives. While /z/ is an
alveolar fricative, /tʃ/ is a palatal affricate. Similarly, while /θ/ is an interdental
fricative, /b/ is a bilabial stop. There is no mention of the child's ability to produce
affricates or stops, so these answers are not the most appropriate.
Zach's parent speaks to him with exaggerated speech, short utterances and
heightened inflections. They are showing:
A) Motherese
B) Bootstrapping
C) Word-learning biases
D) Frequent exposure to television - ANSWER: A) Motherese
Feedback: Motherese refers to the universally observed style of adjusting speech
patterns in interacting with very young children. In contract to this, bootstrapping
refers to use of language to infer the meaning of unknown vocabulary words. Finally,
word-learning biases help children determine what referent is being labeled during
early word learning.
A parent arrives at local speech and language clinic with his young son, with
complaints of "difficulty speaking." A speech-language pathologist (SLP) provides a
comprehensive speech evaluation and determines that the child is exhibiting the
phonological processes of affrication, epenthesis and reduplication. The SLP decides
to taret only the child's reduplication, as she believes the child has not reached an
age where he should suppress affrication and epenthesis. Which theory of
phonological development best matches this SLP's approach to treatment?
A) Prosodic Theory
B) Generative phonology
C) Behavioral theory
D) Natural Phonology - ANSWER: D) Natural Phonology
,Feedback: The natural phonology theory emphasizes that children are born with a
set of natural phonological processes that they need to suppress as they age. These
phonological process are suppressed as the child develops. Because the SLP believes
that the child has not developed enough to suppress specific phonological processes,
she utilizes principles from the natural phonology theory. In contrast to this, the
generative phonology theory is an expansion of the distinctive feature theory and
includes concepts such as underlying representations, surface forms and
phonological rules, but does not include suppression of phonological processes. The
prosodic theory emphasizes the perception of whole words as early word
productions, but, again, does not emphasize suppression of phonological patterns.
Finally, behavioral theory posits that phonological development is contingent upon
reinforcement, not suppression of phonological processes.
A child is brought to a speech and language clinic by the child's parents, who provide
a chief complaint of "being hard to understand." The speech-language pathologist
(SLP) administers a comprehensive speech evaluation and reveals the following
errors: /bu/ for /blu/, /gin/ for /grin/, and /sar/ for /star/. Which phonological
process does this child demonstrate?
A) Nasal assimilation
B) Affrication
C) Metathesis
D) Cluster simplification - ANSWER: D) Cluster simplification
Feedback: The child from this scenario is eliminating one consonant from a
consonant cluster (i.e., two or more consonants not separated by a vowel), which is
known as the phonological process of cluster simplification. This occurs in this child's
speech sample when he removes the /l/ phoneme from the /bl/ cluster or the /r/
phoneme from the /fr/ cluster. In contrast, nasal assimilation occurs when produce
of phoneme is more like a nasal phoneme in the target word. Affrication occurs
when a fricative consonant is replaced with an affricate consonant. Finally,
metathesis occurs when there is transposition of phonemes or syllables in a target
word.
While performing a modified barium swallow (MBS) study, the speech-language
pathologist (SLP) discovers that the patient is experiencing premature spillage into
the pharyngeal cavity, where the bolus sits for many seconds before being
swallowed. Which part of the swallow is this patient having difficulty with?
A) Hyolaryngeal elevation
B) Initiation of the swallow
C) Anterior-posterior movement
D) Bolus formation - ANSWER: B) Initiation of the swallow
Feedback: The swallow is typically initiated when the bolus head reaches the faucial
pillars (in younger adults) or the back of the tongue (in older adults). If the bolus is
, spilling into the patient's pharyngeal cavity prior to hyolaryngeal elevation and
excursion, the patient is experiencing difficulty with initiating swallowing.
Which teaching strategies are MOST consistent with a so-called top-down approach
to reading instruction?
A) Teaching of grapheme-phoneme skills.
B) Instruction in decoding and spelling words containing the six syllable types.
C) Teaching children how to use context to infer the pronunciation of words that
they cannot decode.
D) Teaching children how to recognize and pronounce high-frequency roots and
affixes. - ANSWER: C) Teaching children how to use context to infer the
pronunciation of words that they cannot decode.
Feedback: In top-down instruction, approaches to reading and/or writing emphasize
exposure to authentic literature and leveraging of discourse contexts. By having the
student engage in reading unfamiliar words through contextual guessing, the
student is gaining experience with reading through authentic means. The other
answers for this question include portions of a bottom-up instruction progression,
which includes phonological awareness, grapheme-phoneme relationships, syllable
structure recognition, morphological analysis and text-level decoding fluency.
A student reads seven research articles regarding recycling challenges and methods.
He summarizes and critiques the articles and then, based on his synthesis, proposes
a novel strategy to solve urban recycling efforts. The cluster of behaviors is MOST
CLOSELY associated with which of Chall's reading stages?
A) Stage 2: Confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print
B) Stage 3: Reading for learning the new
C) Stage 4: Multiple viewpoints
D) Stage 5: Construction and reconstruction - ANSWER: D) Stage 5: Construction and
reconstruction
Feedback: This student would fall into Chall's stage 5 as the student synthesized
multiple viewpoints in order to generate a novel hypothesis. The hallmark
characteristics of Chall's stage 5 include creation of new theories based on analysis,
synthesis and evaluation of existing sources of information, which this student has
demonstrated. Because the student has generated his/her own hypothesis regarding
the material, the student has advanced past Chall's stage 4.
When planning treatment for individuals with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a
clinician needs to be cognizant of deficits beyond speech sound production. Other
frequently occurring deficit areas include:
A) Fluency, feeding/swallowing and literacy.
B)Hearing, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness and syllable shapes.
C) Language, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness and syllable shapes.
200+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |AGRADE
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at an acute rehabilitation hospital has just
received a patient with flaccid dysarthria on his/her caseload. After the first session,
the SLP decides that the patient may benefit from abdominal trussing. Which of the
following rationales for adopting this method for this particular patient would be
appropriate for the SLP to use?
A) To counter inspirartory weakness and assist in creation of inspiratory force for the
generation of subglottal pressure during inspiration.
B) To increase vocal fold tension leading to increased loudness and improved vocal
quality.
C) To counter expiratory weakness and assist in creation of expiratory force for the
generation of subglottal pressure during expiration.
D) To improve functioning of both the direct and indirect upper motor neuron
pathways. - ANSWER: C. To counter expiratory weakness and assist in creation of
expiratory force for the generation of subglottal pressure during expiration.
Feedback: Use of abdominal trussing would most likely be used with patient who has
impairments in the respiratory subsystem. This method would be used to counter
expiratory weakness and assist in the creation of expiratory force for increased
subglottal pressures. Depending upon the needs of the specific patient, abdominal
trussing can be used on a short-term or long-term basis.
An infant is being raised in a home with English-speaking parents, one of whom also
speaks German. The parents have decided that they would like to expose their child
to both the English and German language while the child grows up. Which of the
following BEST describes this scenario?
A) Successive Bilingualism
B) Simultaneous biculturalism.
C) Simultaneous bilingualism.
D) Generative beculturalism - ANSWER: C. Simultaneous bilingualism
Feedback: Simultaneous bilingualism occurs when two or more languages are
learned at the same time. Because this child is being exposed to both English and
German at the same time, the child is experiencing simultaneous bilingualism. This
typically begins shortly after birth and continues to be a feature of the care-giving
environment. In contrast to this, successive bilingualism occurs when a second
language (or more) is learned after the acquisition of a first language. If the child
from this scenario learned English first, and then his parents taught him German, this
would constitute successive bilingualism. Finally, simultaneous biculturalism
technically refers to being raised in tow cultures at the same time. While language is
,intertwined with a culture, the child's language learning does not have to include
learning about the associated culture.
A child with speech sound problems has recently been diagnosed with a speech
sound disorder, characterized by difficulty producing interdental and alveolar
fricatives. Which of the following speech sounds would this child demonstrate
difficulty producing?
A) /f/ and /h/
B) /ð/ and /s/
C) /z/ and /tʃ/
D) /θ/ and /b/ - ANSWER: B. /ð/ and /s/
Feedback: The interdental fricatives include /ð/ and /θ/, and the alveolar fricatives
include /s/ and /z/. As this child demonstrates speech sound errors on the /ð/ and
/s/. In contrast, /f/ and /h/ are labiodental and glottal fricatives. While /z/ is an
alveolar fricative, /tʃ/ is a palatal affricate. Similarly, while /θ/ is an interdental
fricative, /b/ is a bilabial stop. There is no mention of the child's ability to produce
affricates or stops, so these answers are not the most appropriate.
Zach's parent speaks to him with exaggerated speech, short utterances and
heightened inflections. They are showing:
A) Motherese
B) Bootstrapping
C) Word-learning biases
D) Frequent exposure to television - ANSWER: A) Motherese
Feedback: Motherese refers to the universally observed style of adjusting speech
patterns in interacting with very young children. In contract to this, bootstrapping
refers to use of language to infer the meaning of unknown vocabulary words. Finally,
word-learning biases help children determine what referent is being labeled during
early word learning.
A parent arrives at local speech and language clinic with his young son, with
complaints of "difficulty speaking." A speech-language pathologist (SLP) provides a
comprehensive speech evaluation and determines that the child is exhibiting the
phonological processes of affrication, epenthesis and reduplication. The SLP decides
to taret only the child's reduplication, as she believes the child has not reached an
age where he should suppress affrication and epenthesis. Which theory of
phonological development best matches this SLP's approach to treatment?
A) Prosodic Theory
B) Generative phonology
C) Behavioral theory
D) Natural Phonology - ANSWER: D) Natural Phonology
,Feedback: The natural phonology theory emphasizes that children are born with a
set of natural phonological processes that they need to suppress as they age. These
phonological process are suppressed as the child develops. Because the SLP believes
that the child has not developed enough to suppress specific phonological processes,
she utilizes principles from the natural phonology theory. In contrast to this, the
generative phonology theory is an expansion of the distinctive feature theory and
includes concepts such as underlying representations, surface forms and
phonological rules, but does not include suppression of phonological processes. The
prosodic theory emphasizes the perception of whole words as early word
productions, but, again, does not emphasize suppression of phonological patterns.
Finally, behavioral theory posits that phonological development is contingent upon
reinforcement, not suppression of phonological processes.
A child is brought to a speech and language clinic by the child's parents, who provide
a chief complaint of "being hard to understand." The speech-language pathologist
(SLP) administers a comprehensive speech evaluation and reveals the following
errors: /bu/ for /blu/, /gin/ for /grin/, and /sar/ for /star/. Which phonological
process does this child demonstrate?
A) Nasal assimilation
B) Affrication
C) Metathesis
D) Cluster simplification - ANSWER: D) Cluster simplification
Feedback: The child from this scenario is eliminating one consonant from a
consonant cluster (i.e., two or more consonants not separated by a vowel), which is
known as the phonological process of cluster simplification. This occurs in this child's
speech sample when he removes the /l/ phoneme from the /bl/ cluster or the /r/
phoneme from the /fr/ cluster. In contrast, nasal assimilation occurs when produce
of phoneme is more like a nasal phoneme in the target word. Affrication occurs
when a fricative consonant is replaced with an affricate consonant. Finally,
metathesis occurs when there is transposition of phonemes or syllables in a target
word.
While performing a modified barium swallow (MBS) study, the speech-language
pathologist (SLP) discovers that the patient is experiencing premature spillage into
the pharyngeal cavity, where the bolus sits for many seconds before being
swallowed. Which part of the swallow is this patient having difficulty with?
A) Hyolaryngeal elevation
B) Initiation of the swallow
C) Anterior-posterior movement
D) Bolus formation - ANSWER: B) Initiation of the swallow
Feedback: The swallow is typically initiated when the bolus head reaches the faucial
pillars (in younger adults) or the back of the tongue (in older adults). If the bolus is
, spilling into the patient's pharyngeal cavity prior to hyolaryngeal elevation and
excursion, the patient is experiencing difficulty with initiating swallowing.
Which teaching strategies are MOST consistent with a so-called top-down approach
to reading instruction?
A) Teaching of grapheme-phoneme skills.
B) Instruction in decoding and spelling words containing the six syllable types.
C) Teaching children how to use context to infer the pronunciation of words that
they cannot decode.
D) Teaching children how to recognize and pronounce high-frequency roots and
affixes. - ANSWER: C) Teaching children how to use context to infer the
pronunciation of words that they cannot decode.
Feedback: In top-down instruction, approaches to reading and/or writing emphasize
exposure to authentic literature and leveraging of discourse contexts. By having the
student engage in reading unfamiliar words through contextual guessing, the
student is gaining experience with reading through authentic means. The other
answers for this question include portions of a bottom-up instruction progression,
which includes phonological awareness, grapheme-phoneme relationships, syllable
structure recognition, morphological analysis and text-level decoding fluency.
A student reads seven research articles regarding recycling challenges and methods.
He summarizes and critiques the articles and then, based on his synthesis, proposes
a novel strategy to solve urban recycling efforts. The cluster of behaviors is MOST
CLOSELY associated with which of Chall's reading stages?
A) Stage 2: Confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print
B) Stage 3: Reading for learning the new
C) Stage 4: Multiple viewpoints
D) Stage 5: Construction and reconstruction - ANSWER: D) Stage 5: Construction and
reconstruction
Feedback: This student would fall into Chall's stage 5 as the student synthesized
multiple viewpoints in order to generate a novel hypothesis. The hallmark
characteristics of Chall's stage 5 include creation of new theories based on analysis,
synthesis and evaluation of existing sources of information, which this student has
demonstrated. Because the student has generated his/her own hypothesis regarding
the material, the student has advanced past Chall's stage 4.
When planning treatment for individuals with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a
clinician needs to be cognizant of deficits beyond speech sound production. Other
frequently occurring deficit areas include:
A) Fluency, feeding/swallowing and literacy.
B)Hearing, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness and syllable shapes.
C) Language, metalinguistic/phonemic awareness and syllable shapes.
