NUR 612 Exam 1 (Module 2) uab Questions and Correct Answers

Nucleus Control center of the cell, which is vital for protein synthesis Control center Contains all the cell DNA (except for DNA in mitochondria) Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores DNA Chromatin (condenses into chromosomes during prophase of mitosis) RNA synthesis Messenger Ribosomal Transfer Nucleolus Cytoplasm Cell work occurs here Water, electrolytes, proteins, fats and glycogen Cell Membrane Separates intracellular and extracellular environments Provides receptors for hormones and other substances Electrical activity between nerve and muscle cells Aids in cell growth/proliferation Provides receptors for hormones and other biologically active substances Participates in the electrical events that occur in nerve and muscle cells Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum System of paired membranes Rough and Smooth Golgi Complex Modifies and packages substances from ER Mitochondria Power house of the cell (energy), also function to regulate apoptosis Lysosomes Metabolism Cytoskeleton Microtubules Develop and maintain cell form Participate in intracellular transport mechanisms Form basic structure for complex cytoplasmic organelles Contain cilia and flagella Contain centrioles and basal bodies Produce muscle contraction (actin and myosin) Support and maintain the asymmetric shape of cells Are thin threadlike cytoplasmic structures Categorized as thin, intermediate, and thick myosin Lipid bilayer The basic fluid structure of the membrane and serves as a semipermeable barrier. Phospholipids with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail Glycocalyx Participates in cell-to-cell recognition and adhesion. Cell communication cellular, tissue, organ, and system communication is an essential component of homeostasis (function and growth). Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity. Paracrine signaling acts on nearby cells. Endocrine signaling relies on hormones carried in the bloodstream to cells throughout the body. Synaptic signaling occurs in the nervous system, where neurotransmitters act only on adjacent nerve cells. Ion-Channel-Linked Receptors Rapid synaptic signaling between electrically excitable cells Transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle cells G-Protein-Linked Receptors The on-off switch for signal transduction Enzyme-Linked Receptors Receptors for certain protein hormones Activate an intracellular domain with enzyme activity Intracellular Receptors Ligands move directly across the membrane to bind to the intracellular receptor.