STAHL'S ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
COMPLETE TESTBANK WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Response - ANSWER: 50% improvement in depressive symptoms when being treated
with a drug
Relapse - ANSWER: depressive sx return before remission, or within first several
months of remission
Recurrence - ANSWER: depressive symptoms reoccur after greater than 12 months
recovery
Most common depressive symptoms persisting after treatment w/ antidepressant -
ANSWER: insomnia, fatigue, painful physical complaints, problems concentrating,
lack of interest
Least common residual s/sx of depression - ANSWER: depressed mood, suicidal
ideation, psychomotor retardation
What is a "mood stabilizer" - ANSWER: a drug that treated and prevented recurrency
of mania "stabilized" the manic pole of BP d/o
Monoamine Hypothesis - ANSWER: Monoamines are depleted & then increased w/
effective antidepressant.
Problem: Neurotransmitter increases rapidly after start of antidepressant causing SE
- clinical effects (response) don't occur until later.
Monoamine Receptor hypothesis - ANSWER: Depression is caused by up-regulation
of receptors. Antidepressant efficacy occurs w/the down-regulation of receptors
Down regulation of receptors leads to __________ - ANSWER: down regulation of
receptors leads to the increased tolerance of antidepressants and tolerance to side
effects
Alteration in gene expression - ANSWER: result in changes in receptor number
List (4) types of drugs used for unipolar depression - ANSWER: 1. Selective Serotonin
RI (SSRI)
2. Serotonin Partial Agonist RI (SPARI)
3. Serotonin Norepinephrine RI (SNRI)
4. Norepinephrine Dopamine RI (NDRI)
List (4) d/o that SSRIs are used for: - ANSWER: 1. depression
2. anxiety
3. eating disorder
, 4. premenstrual dysphoric disorder
SSRI's action - ANSWER: inhibit SERT (serotonin transporter), so serotonin stays in
synapse and remains active
What type of drugs are used for Bipolar Spectrum? - ANSWER: 1.
Serotonin/Dopamine Blockers
If you block a reuptake transporter - what happens to the monoamine? - ANSWER: It
is increased in the synapse
What do 5HT1A receptors do to a neuron when stimulated? - ANSWER: They inhibit
the neuron... they are the breaks for the 5HT neuron
If you block the 5HT transporter (SERT)- what happens to 5HT? - ANSWER: Blocking
SERT causes 5HT to increase in the somatodendritic area in the midbrain raphe
rather than where the axons terminate. This causes 5HT1A (which inhibits 5HT
release) receptors to downregulate/desensitize. DISinhibiting the 5HT neuron
releasing 5HT.
List 5 (five) SSRIs - ANSWER: 1. fluoxetine (Prozac)
2. sertraline (Zoloft)
3. paroxetine (Paxil)
4. fluvoxamine (Luvox)
5. escitalopram (Lexapro)
What are the properties of fluoxetine? - ANSWER: SERT inhibition - NET inhibition -
5HT2C Antagonism
5HT2C antagonism can lead to what in NE & DA? - ANSWER: DISinhibition of NE & DA
- responsible for activating effects
5HT2C antagonism helps which eating disorder? - ANSWER: 5HT2C antagonism helps
bulimia - fluoxetine (high doses only)
fluoxetine (Prozac) is approved for what 6 disorders? - ANSWER: 1. MDD also in
children
2. TRD (adjunct to olanzapine)
3. BP depression
4. Panic
5. OCD
6. Bulimia
What are the properties of sertraline (Zoloft)? - ANSWER: SERT
DAT - energy, motivation, concentration
Sigma 1 agonist - anxiolytic actions, psychotic depression
COMPLETE TESTBANK WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Response - ANSWER: 50% improvement in depressive symptoms when being treated
with a drug
Relapse - ANSWER: depressive sx return before remission, or within first several
months of remission
Recurrence - ANSWER: depressive symptoms reoccur after greater than 12 months
recovery
Most common depressive symptoms persisting after treatment w/ antidepressant -
ANSWER: insomnia, fatigue, painful physical complaints, problems concentrating,
lack of interest
Least common residual s/sx of depression - ANSWER: depressed mood, suicidal
ideation, psychomotor retardation
What is a "mood stabilizer" - ANSWER: a drug that treated and prevented recurrency
of mania "stabilized" the manic pole of BP d/o
Monoamine Hypothesis - ANSWER: Monoamines are depleted & then increased w/
effective antidepressant.
Problem: Neurotransmitter increases rapidly after start of antidepressant causing SE
- clinical effects (response) don't occur until later.
Monoamine Receptor hypothesis - ANSWER: Depression is caused by up-regulation
of receptors. Antidepressant efficacy occurs w/the down-regulation of receptors
Down regulation of receptors leads to __________ - ANSWER: down regulation of
receptors leads to the increased tolerance of antidepressants and tolerance to side
effects
Alteration in gene expression - ANSWER: result in changes in receptor number
List (4) types of drugs used for unipolar depression - ANSWER: 1. Selective Serotonin
RI (SSRI)
2. Serotonin Partial Agonist RI (SPARI)
3. Serotonin Norepinephrine RI (SNRI)
4. Norepinephrine Dopamine RI (NDRI)
List (4) d/o that SSRIs are used for: - ANSWER: 1. depression
2. anxiety
3. eating disorder
, 4. premenstrual dysphoric disorder
SSRI's action - ANSWER: inhibit SERT (serotonin transporter), so serotonin stays in
synapse and remains active
What type of drugs are used for Bipolar Spectrum? - ANSWER: 1.
Serotonin/Dopamine Blockers
If you block a reuptake transporter - what happens to the monoamine? - ANSWER: It
is increased in the synapse
What do 5HT1A receptors do to a neuron when stimulated? - ANSWER: They inhibit
the neuron... they are the breaks for the 5HT neuron
If you block the 5HT transporter (SERT)- what happens to 5HT? - ANSWER: Blocking
SERT causes 5HT to increase in the somatodendritic area in the midbrain raphe
rather than where the axons terminate. This causes 5HT1A (which inhibits 5HT
release) receptors to downregulate/desensitize. DISinhibiting the 5HT neuron
releasing 5HT.
List 5 (five) SSRIs - ANSWER: 1. fluoxetine (Prozac)
2. sertraline (Zoloft)
3. paroxetine (Paxil)
4. fluvoxamine (Luvox)
5. escitalopram (Lexapro)
What are the properties of fluoxetine? - ANSWER: SERT inhibition - NET inhibition -
5HT2C Antagonism
5HT2C antagonism can lead to what in NE & DA? - ANSWER: DISinhibition of NE & DA
- responsible for activating effects
5HT2C antagonism helps which eating disorder? - ANSWER: 5HT2C antagonism helps
bulimia - fluoxetine (high doses only)
fluoxetine (Prozac) is approved for what 6 disorders? - ANSWER: 1. MDD also in
children
2. TRD (adjunct to olanzapine)
3. BP depression
4. Panic
5. OCD
6. Bulimia
What are the properties of sertraline (Zoloft)? - ANSWER: SERT
DAT - energy, motivation, concentration
Sigma 1 agonist - anxiolytic actions, psychotic depression
