WGU D002 PROFESSIONAL, ETHICAL, AND LEGAL PRACTICES
FOR SPECIAL ED 2023 EXAM OA 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE
True or False. The mental institutions, sometimes called asylums, of the late
nineteenth century in America provided citizens with disabilities with valuable
opportunities to receive an education. - ANSWER: False
True or False. Prior to the mid-1970s, education for students with disabilities was a
privilege and not a right. - ANSWER: True
This is the first federal law to specifically address the education of students with
disabilities. - ANSWER: Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
This law increased federal funding to ensure that students with disabilities had equal
educational opportunities and required that schools follow the laws to receive
funding. - ANSWER: Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
This is an amendment to include all services to disabled infants and young children.
This amendment also includes individuals transitioning from high school to college. -
ANSWER: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
Children who are at risk - ANSWER: Individuals who, although not yet identified as
having disability, have a high probability of manifesting a disability because of
harmful biological, environmental, or genetic conditions.
Developmental Delay - ANSWER: when a child performance on a standardized
assessment is at least 25% below the mean for children of similar chronological age
in one or more developmental areas (motor, language, or cognitive ability)
Handicapism - ANSWER: the unequal and differential treatment accorded individuals
with a disability
Handicap - ANSWER: the impact or consequence of a disability, not the condition
itself
Disability - ANSWER: an inability or a reduced capacity to perform a task in a specific
way
IDEA states that all students are entitled to ______. - ANSWER: a free appropriate
public education
Idea states that students with disabilities should be educated in the setting most like
that of their peers, or _____. - ANSWER: the least restrictive environment
,Any decisions concerning a student with disabilities are made with parent input and
in compliance with all aspects of the law, which is referred to as ____. - ANSWER:
procedural safeguards
Also known as the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA), this law is one
of the most important legislative pieces for special education acting as the Bill of
Rights for students with disabilities. - ANSWER: PL 94-142
Part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, this act is known as a civil right bill. This act
ensures that every student with a disability is given the same rights, access, and
protections as students without disabilities. - ANSWER: Section 504
This law extends civil rights protections to individuals of any age with a disability be
allowed to access both private and public sectors for services and that discrimination
or exclusion is discriminatory and illegal. - ANSWER: Americans with Disabilities Act
What year was the civil rights law of Section 504 take place - ANSWER: The
rehabilitation act of 1973
True or false. All students who qualify for services under Section 504 also qualify for
services under IDEA. - ANSWER: False
True or false. There is no difference between a modification and accommodation. -
ANSWER: False
Modification - ANSWER: changes the expectation of the learning activity
Accomodation - ANSWER: changes the presentation, location, and timing of student
responses, but does not change the expectations or standards.
A student can qualify for Section 504 by having - ANSWER: a physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities and have record
of the impairment.
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Does not require
the formal, detailed plans that are part of an Individualized Education Program (IEP).
- ANSWER: Section 504
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Provides additional
funding to states for eligible students. - ANSWER: IDEA
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Contains explicit
language protecting individuals with disabilities from harassment or retaliation based
on their disability. - ANSWER: Section 504
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Covers only
students with an educational need. - ANSWER: IDEA
,Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Has no age
restriction. - ANSWER: Section 504
Court declared that education must be made available to all children on equal terms.
This case set the stage for future court decisions regarding discrimination against
students with disabilities. - ANSWER: Brown v. Topeka Board of Education 1954
The courts declared that a tracking system based on IQ testing unfairly discriminated
against minorities and the poor. This ruling helped to put in place policies to help
ensure that all students received an education in the least restrictive environment
and that students receive fair assessments. - ANSWER: Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
An advocate group challenged a state law that denied access to education for
students with intellectual disabilities. This ruling stated that the state was required
to provide a free appropriate public education to all children, including those with
disabilities. - ANSWER: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971)
The courts ruled that the lack of funds was not an excuse for failing to provide
services to students with mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional disabilities. -
ANSWER: Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia (1972)
Katie is a student on the autism spectrum. A special education paraeducator has
been pushing into Katie's room to help two other ASD students and Katie. As the
three ASD students transition to 4th grade, the para will support the students in the
core subject areas of English language arts, math, and science. Katie's parents want
Katie to have additional 1:1 support. The school's argument is that they do not have
the funding.
Which court ruling ensures the school provides Katie the services she needs
regardless of funding availability? - ANSWER: Mills v. Board of Education of the
District of Columbia (1972)
Which statement describes one of the procedural safeguards included in IDEA that
would be the most appropriate next step by Katie's parents? - ANSWER: The right of
parents to obtain an Independent Education Evaluation (IEE) of their child
A parent of a general education student named Jack complained to the principal
about Ethan, who has repeatedly hurt her son in the classroom by cutting him with
scissors and pushing him when he gets angry and frustrated. She demanded that
Ethan should be removed from the classroom because he is a danger to her son and
to the other students. The school reacted by suspending Ethan for 15 days. Ethan's
mom argued that her son has an IEP and is identified as a "student with emotional
disabilities" and therefore his behavior is a manifestation of his disability and he
should be able to go back to school immediately.
Which Supreme Court case protects Ethan and his right to remain in school despite
his sometimes violent and aggressive behaviors? - ANSWER: Honig v. Doe (1988)
, True or false. Students with emotional disabilities cannot be suspended from school
for more than 10 days as a consequence for inappropriate behavior or discipline
issues that occurred at school. - ANSWER: True
Even if the school feels that Ethan's behavior can endanger other students, they
must allow him to return after no more than 10 days to the school since his parents
believe that his behavior is a manifestation of his disability. - ANSWER: False
Kayla is a seventh grader at Lanier Middle School. She was diagnosed with autism
spectrum disorder when she was five years old and has been on an IEP since she
entered kindergarten at her public school. With the support of the many teachers at
her elementary school, Kayla made great progress. Over time she learned to make
eye contact during conversations, she played video games for hours and interacted
with peers online to create game worlds, and she was able to collaborate with her
peers in the classroom. Since she went to middle school last year, her parents have
noticed a decline in her socials skills and in her academic performance. When they
brought this up to her teachers, they told Kayla's parents not to worry, that it was
just an adjustment to middle school.
What would be an appropriate next step for Kayla's parents? - ANSWER: Request a
meeting with an IEP to examine the current goals of her IEP and her progress toward
those goals.
Kayla's parents do get to meet with the IEP team.
Which questions should they discuss at the meeting to determine whether or not
Kayla is getting the support she needs and that she is making good progress?
(Choose the best three questions.)
-Have you assessed her present levels of achievement?
-Does she have good friends in her classes?
-Are these goals reasonably challenging?
-How many years of experience does the special education teacher have?
-What was her previous rate of academic growth? - ANSWER: -Have you assessed
her present levels of achievement?
-Are these goals reasonably challenging?
-What was her previous rate of academic growth?
IEPs and 504 plans are both covered by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA). - ANSWER: False
All of the following behaviors describe actions that violate a school's behavior policy
and code of ethics. All but one of the examples below illustrate how such violations
demonstrate the manifestation of the student's disability.
Which scenario would not be a violation that occurred as a manifestation of a
disability?
A. A student with Tourette's syndrome may repeat vulgar, obscene words.
B. A student who is blind took a classmate's jacket and cell phone home with him.
FOR SPECIAL ED 2023 EXAM OA 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE
True or False. The mental institutions, sometimes called asylums, of the late
nineteenth century in America provided citizens with disabilities with valuable
opportunities to receive an education. - ANSWER: False
True or False. Prior to the mid-1970s, education for students with disabilities was a
privilege and not a right. - ANSWER: True
This is the first federal law to specifically address the education of students with
disabilities. - ANSWER: Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
This law increased federal funding to ensure that students with disabilities had equal
educational opportunities and required that schools follow the laws to receive
funding. - ANSWER: Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
This is an amendment to include all services to disabled infants and young children.
This amendment also includes individuals transitioning from high school to college. -
ANSWER: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
Children who are at risk - ANSWER: Individuals who, although not yet identified as
having disability, have a high probability of manifesting a disability because of
harmful biological, environmental, or genetic conditions.
Developmental Delay - ANSWER: when a child performance on a standardized
assessment is at least 25% below the mean for children of similar chronological age
in one or more developmental areas (motor, language, or cognitive ability)
Handicapism - ANSWER: the unequal and differential treatment accorded individuals
with a disability
Handicap - ANSWER: the impact or consequence of a disability, not the condition
itself
Disability - ANSWER: an inability or a reduced capacity to perform a task in a specific
way
IDEA states that all students are entitled to ______. - ANSWER: a free appropriate
public education
Idea states that students with disabilities should be educated in the setting most like
that of their peers, or _____. - ANSWER: the least restrictive environment
,Any decisions concerning a student with disabilities are made with parent input and
in compliance with all aspects of the law, which is referred to as ____. - ANSWER:
procedural safeguards
Also known as the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA), this law is one
of the most important legislative pieces for special education acting as the Bill of
Rights for students with disabilities. - ANSWER: PL 94-142
Part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, this act is known as a civil right bill. This act
ensures that every student with a disability is given the same rights, access, and
protections as students without disabilities. - ANSWER: Section 504
This law extends civil rights protections to individuals of any age with a disability be
allowed to access both private and public sectors for services and that discrimination
or exclusion is discriminatory and illegal. - ANSWER: Americans with Disabilities Act
What year was the civil rights law of Section 504 take place - ANSWER: The
rehabilitation act of 1973
True or false. All students who qualify for services under Section 504 also qualify for
services under IDEA. - ANSWER: False
True or false. There is no difference between a modification and accommodation. -
ANSWER: False
Modification - ANSWER: changes the expectation of the learning activity
Accomodation - ANSWER: changes the presentation, location, and timing of student
responses, but does not change the expectations or standards.
A student can qualify for Section 504 by having - ANSWER: a physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities and have record
of the impairment.
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Does not require
the formal, detailed plans that are part of an Individualized Education Program (IEP).
- ANSWER: Section 504
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Provides additional
funding to states for eligible students. - ANSWER: IDEA
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Contains explicit
language protecting individuals with disabilities from harassment or retaliation based
on their disability. - ANSWER: Section 504
Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Covers only
students with an educational need. - ANSWER: IDEA
,Identify whether the policy is covered under IDEA or Section 504. Has no age
restriction. - ANSWER: Section 504
Court declared that education must be made available to all children on equal terms.
This case set the stage for future court decisions regarding discrimination against
students with disabilities. - ANSWER: Brown v. Topeka Board of Education 1954
The courts declared that a tracking system based on IQ testing unfairly discriminated
against minorities and the poor. This ruling helped to put in place policies to help
ensure that all students received an education in the least restrictive environment
and that students receive fair assessments. - ANSWER: Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
An advocate group challenged a state law that denied access to education for
students with intellectual disabilities. This ruling stated that the state was required
to provide a free appropriate public education to all children, including those with
disabilities. - ANSWER: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971)
The courts ruled that the lack of funds was not an excuse for failing to provide
services to students with mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional disabilities. -
ANSWER: Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia (1972)
Katie is a student on the autism spectrum. A special education paraeducator has
been pushing into Katie's room to help two other ASD students and Katie. As the
three ASD students transition to 4th grade, the para will support the students in the
core subject areas of English language arts, math, and science. Katie's parents want
Katie to have additional 1:1 support. The school's argument is that they do not have
the funding.
Which court ruling ensures the school provides Katie the services she needs
regardless of funding availability? - ANSWER: Mills v. Board of Education of the
District of Columbia (1972)
Which statement describes one of the procedural safeguards included in IDEA that
would be the most appropriate next step by Katie's parents? - ANSWER: The right of
parents to obtain an Independent Education Evaluation (IEE) of their child
A parent of a general education student named Jack complained to the principal
about Ethan, who has repeatedly hurt her son in the classroom by cutting him with
scissors and pushing him when he gets angry and frustrated. She demanded that
Ethan should be removed from the classroom because he is a danger to her son and
to the other students. The school reacted by suspending Ethan for 15 days. Ethan's
mom argued that her son has an IEP and is identified as a "student with emotional
disabilities" and therefore his behavior is a manifestation of his disability and he
should be able to go back to school immediately.
Which Supreme Court case protects Ethan and his right to remain in school despite
his sometimes violent and aggressive behaviors? - ANSWER: Honig v. Doe (1988)
, True or false. Students with emotional disabilities cannot be suspended from school
for more than 10 days as a consequence for inappropriate behavior or discipline
issues that occurred at school. - ANSWER: True
Even if the school feels that Ethan's behavior can endanger other students, they
must allow him to return after no more than 10 days to the school since his parents
believe that his behavior is a manifestation of his disability. - ANSWER: False
Kayla is a seventh grader at Lanier Middle School. She was diagnosed with autism
spectrum disorder when she was five years old and has been on an IEP since she
entered kindergarten at her public school. With the support of the many teachers at
her elementary school, Kayla made great progress. Over time she learned to make
eye contact during conversations, she played video games for hours and interacted
with peers online to create game worlds, and she was able to collaborate with her
peers in the classroom. Since she went to middle school last year, her parents have
noticed a decline in her socials skills and in her academic performance. When they
brought this up to her teachers, they told Kayla's parents not to worry, that it was
just an adjustment to middle school.
What would be an appropriate next step for Kayla's parents? - ANSWER: Request a
meeting with an IEP to examine the current goals of her IEP and her progress toward
those goals.
Kayla's parents do get to meet with the IEP team.
Which questions should they discuss at the meeting to determine whether or not
Kayla is getting the support she needs and that she is making good progress?
(Choose the best three questions.)
-Have you assessed her present levels of achievement?
-Does she have good friends in her classes?
-Are these goals reasonably challenging?
-How many years of experience does the special education teacher have?
-What was her previous rate of academic growth? - ANSWER: -Have you assessed
her present levels of achievement?
-Are these goals reasonably challenging?
-What was her previous rate of academic growth?
IEPs and 504 plans are both covered by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA). - ANSWER: False
All of the following behaviors describe actions that violate a school's behavior policy
and code of ethics. All but one of the examples below illustrate how such violations
demonstrate the manifestation of the student's disability.
Which scenario would not be a violation that occurred as a manifestation of a
disability?
A. A student with Tourette's syndrome may repeat vulgar, obscene words.
B. A student who is blind took a classmate's jacket and cell phone home with him.
