Children's Health

Children’s Health OSCE
Conditions
Congenital heart disease




 Pathophysiology: usually caused by embryonic disruption in the development of the heart
due to maternal infections, maternal drug use or chromosomal abnormalities:
o Rubella infection – pulmonary stenosis, PDA
o SLE – complete heart block
o Diabetes mellitus – increased risk of congenital heart problems
o Warfarin use – pulmonary valve stenosis, PDA
o Foetal alcohol syndrome – ASD, VSD, tetralogy of fallot
o Down’s syndrome – AVSD, VSD
o Edwards syndrome – complex congenital heart problems
o Patau syndrome – complex congenital heart problems
o Turner syndrome – aortic valve stenosis, coarctation
o Williams syndrome – supravalvular aortic stenosis, pulmonary artery stenosis
o Noonan syndrome – hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ASD, pulmonary valve stenosis