NRSG 3420: FINAL BIG REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which therapies are
used to treat cancer? Select all that apply.
A. electroconvulsive therapy
B. hyperthermia
C. surgery
D. chemotherapy
E. radiation therapy
Correct response:
B. hyperthermia
C. surgery
D. chemotherapy
E. radiation therapy
Explanation:
Cancer is frequently treated with a combination of therapies using standardized
protocols. The basic methods used to treat cancer are surgery, radiation therapy,
hyperthermia, and chemotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy is a method of treatment
,for mental distress or illness.
Reference:
Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H., Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical
Nursing, 14th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, Chapter 15: Management of
Patients with Oncologic Disorders, p. 334.
During an annual examination, an older client tells the nurse, "I don't understand
why I need to have so many cancer screening tests now. I feel just fine!" Based
on knowledge of neoplastic disease and the aging immune system, what teaching
should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.
A. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important
role in reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein,
vitamins, minerals, and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.
B. Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and
prevent their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not
recognize the tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine
screening increases the chance of finding and treating cancer early.
C. The immune system is integrated with other psychophysiological processes
and is regulated by the brain. Aging of the brain can have immunologic
consequences and can affect neural and endocrine function increasing the risk of
,cancer development.
D. Education about the importance of adhering to a recommended vaccine
schedule should be initiated to boost the immune system function.
E. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly
suggests a predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's
inability to differentiate between self and nonself. Routine screening increases
the chance of finding and treating cancer early.
Correct response:
A. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important role in
reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein, vitamins, minerals,
and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.
B. Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent
their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not recognize the
tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine screening increases the
chance of finding and treating cancer early.
E. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly suggests a
predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's inability to differentiate
between self and nonself. Routine screening increases the chance of finding and
treating cancer early.
, Explanation:
Large tumors can release antigens into the blood, and these antigens combine with
circulating antibodies and prevent them from attacking the tumor cells. Furthermore,
tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent their
destruction by killer T lymphocytes. During the early development of tumors, the body
may fail to recognize the tumor antigens as foreign and subsequently fail to initiate
destruction of the malignant cells. The incidence of autoimmune diseases also
increases with age, possibly from a decreased ability of antibodies to differentiate
between self and nonself. Failure of the surveillance system to recognize mutant or
abnormal cells also may be responsible, in part, for the high incidence of cancer
associated with increasing age. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with
increased risk of common cancers. Evidence shows that nutrition plays a role in the
development of cancer and that diet and lifestyle can alter the risk of the development of
cancer and other chronic diseases.
Reference:
Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H., Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical
Nursing, 14th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, Chapter 35: Assessment of
Immune Function.
For a cancerous tumor, a client must undergo modified radical mastectomy,
which includes axillary node removal and immediate reconstruction. The nurse
explains to the client that the axillary nodes will be removed to:
ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which therapies are
used to treat cancer? Select all that apply.
A. electroconvulsive therapy
B. hyperthermia
C. surgery
D. chemotherapy
E. radiation therapy
Correct response:
B. hyperthermia
C. surgery
D. chemotherapy
E. radiation therapy
Explanation:
Cancer is frequently treated with a combination of therapies using standardized
protocols. The basic methods used to treat cancer are surgery, radiation therapy,
hyperthermia, and chemotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy is a method of treatment
,for mental distress or illness.
Reference:
Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H., Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical
Nursing, 14th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, Chapter 15: Management of
Patients with Oncologic Disorders, p. 334.
During an annual examination, an older client tells the nurse, "I don't understand
why I need to have so many cancer screening tests now. I feel just fine!" Based
on knowledge of neoplastic disease and the aging immune system, what teaching
should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.
A. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important
role in reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein,
vitamins, minerals, and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.
B. Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and
prevent their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not
recognize the tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine
screening increases the chance of finding and treating cancer early.
C. The immune system is integrated with other psychophysiological processes
and is regulated by the brain. Aging of the brain can have immunologic
consequences and can affect neural and endocrine function increasing the risk of
,cancer development.
D. Education about the importance of adhering to a recommended vaccine
schedule should be initiated to boost the immune system function.
E. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly
suggests a predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's
inability to differentiate between self and nonself. Routine screening increases
the chance of finding and treating cancer early.
Correct response:
A. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important role in
reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein, vitamins, minerals,
and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.
B. Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent
their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not recognize the
tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine screening increases the
chance of finding and treating cancer early.
E. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly suggests a
predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's inability to differentiate
between self and nonself. Routine screening increases the chance of finding and
treating cancer early.
, Explanation:
Large tumors can release antigens into the blood, and these antigens combine with
circulating antibodies and prevent them from attacking the tumor cells. Furthermore,
tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent their
destruction by killer T lymphocytes. During the early development of tumors, the body
may fail to recognize the tumor antigens as foreign and subsequently fail to initiate
destruction of the malignant cells. The incidence of autoimmune diseases also
increases with age, possibly from a decreased ability of antibodies to differentiate
between self and nonself. Failure of the surveillance system to recognize mutant or
abnormal cells also may be responsible, in part, for the high incidence of cancer
associated with increasing age. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with
increased risk of common cancers. Evidence shows that nutrition plays a role in the
development of cancer and that diet and lifestyle can alter the risk of the development of
cancer and other chronic diseases.
Reference:
Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H., Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical
Nursing, 14th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, Chapter 35: Assessment of
Immune Function.
For a cancerous tumor, a client must undergo modified radical mastectomy,
which includes axillary node removal and immediate reconstruction. The nurse
explains to the client that the axillary nodes will be removed to:
