BIO 354 Cell Bio Lab Exam | Questions and Answers

BIO 354 Cell Bio Lab Exam | Questions and Answers Imagine you are a scuba diver the size of a virus exploring huge algae cells. If you wanted to see how the water molecules are split inside the thylakoids space, how many membranes would you have to cross to get there? 3 You would go through the cell wall, to get the plasma membrane then you would be inside the cytoplasm. From there you would swim to the chloroplast and cross the outer and I. Er membranes to get the storms, where you'd see colorful stacks of thylakoids. Where are the pigment molecules held in place? By the photosystem, a protein complex. Why do pigments absorb visible light and other molecules don't Extended conjugated systems Extended conjugated systems are alternating double bonds and/or atoms with a free electron pair. Usually nitrogen and oxygen Chloroplast are suspended in an isolation buffer. To be able to extract the pigments from the chloroplast, we have to get rid of the first buffer first. What's the best way to separate the chloroplast from the buffer Centrifugation. Inside the spinning centrifuge, the sample is separated according to the densities if the particles To elite all the pigment contained in the chloroplasts, what do you have to consider, when choosing from different solvents? Use both hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents What color is not absorbed by hexane according to the absorbance spectrum? What kind of pigment is this? Green, chlorophyll What color does the water extract absorb Green Where does the light reaction take place? thylakoid membrane Where does the Calvin cycle take place? stroma of the chloroplast Where is the light energy converted into electron flow In the reaction center chlorophyll In what order do he electrons move through the electron transport chain Water, photosystem II, photosystem I, NADP What is produced during the light reaction O2 + 2 NADPH + 2H+ + nATP With DCPIP we measure the electron flow from... Photosystem II What would be a good positive control for the photosystem II experiment Expose a sample to regular light What would be the best negative control for the photosystem II experiment Keeping the sample in the dark What wavelength should the chlorophyll not be absorbed 580nm If the red pigment is able to transfer the excitation energy to the reaction center, what would you expect to happen To see a decrease in amount of oxidized (blue) DCPIP Why do we use DCMU Avoid the redox for DCPIP. DCMU disables the electron transport chain by blocking the binding site of photosystem II What wavelength should we use to measure the amount of oxidized DCPIP? 610 Is red pigment really a photosynthetic pigment? Yes, because photosystem 2 is active in green light Most important finding is photosystem II lab Red pigment can be used to block photosynthesis Metabolism can be divided into catabolic and anabolic reactions. How are these connected? Catabolic reactions generate energy that anabolic reactions use How many carbon atoms does one molecule of pyruvate contain 3 The first step of glycolysis consumes energy. Two high energy atp molecules phosphorylation glucose. How do atp molecules store energy High energy bonds between phosphate groups What action should the point guard take since his blood glucose is getting very low? Drink a maltose sports drink What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen to occur and aerobic respiration does What is the net result of one glucose molecule going through the Krebs cycle 6 Co2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH, Why is the Kreb cycle so important if it only creates 2 atp molecules It produces reducing agents for the electron transport chain What two processes are coupled throughout the ETC that together make up oxidative phosphorylation The oxidation of electron carriers and the phosphorylation of adp Which parameters could you measure the effect of exercise on cellular respiration in mice Blood glucose concentration, lactic acid concentration, oxygen consumption What is oxygen used for in cellular respiration Oxygen is the last electron acceptor in the oxidation of electron carriers Hypothesis: if the mouse starts running on the wheel Oxygen consumption will increase What is the ATP yield per each molecule of glucose under low oxygen conditions 2 What are some advantages of using cell culture as a research tool It is an easy and cost effective tool to study Why is cell culture referred to as in vitro Because it is a process preformed outside a living organism For adherent cells, what does adhesion provide Grow and divide, enhance survival, a signal to transducer differentiation signals What are the main components of basal medium Trace elements, amino acids, water soluble vitamins Why is l-glutamine an important amino acid in cell culture Because cells get much of its energy from catabolism What is the function of phenol red Indicate ph and protect from the light What is the conditioned media used for Overcoming difficult growth periods What are the optimal conditions to store cell culture media 4 degrees Celsius in the dark What is one of the important components in serum Growth factors What is the optimum way to store the serum In aliquot, frozen at -20C in a non frost freezer Why do you have to pre warm all the reagents we need reuse at 37 C Avoid thermal shock to cells What is the atmosphere inside the hood Very clean but not sterile How must the sash of the air flow hood be set At indicated level while in use What rule must you follow why working with animal cells in an air flow hood Never open an item outside of the hood What is the main characteristic of a vessel specifically designed to culture adherent cells, such as fibroblasts The surface is specially coated Why is complete media termed complete Because it supplies all the components cells need to grow Should completed media be fore at -20C for long term Completed media should not be frozen Can we add antibiotics to our completed media Only when necessary How do we thaw cells Quickly to 37 in a warm bath What is cell line authentication Studies providing the lineage and lack of contamination of our cells Which of the following methods is not recommended to verify a human cell line by the regulatory entity DNA sequencing What does cell culture environment include Gas composition, plastic, media and media components Why is sodium bicarbonate added to cell culture media Maintains correct ph when co2 is present Why is growth curve analysis important Growth patterns over time, establish doubling time, record of growth Which phase is it important to try and keep cells in during culture Log phase What function do cell surface proteins that promote cell to cell contact serve Stop growth due to contact inhabitation What is confluency Ratio of area occupied by cells to the total available space Do cells need to be re fed only if they have reached confluency No re fed them according to their growth What kind of morphology do our cells have Fibroblast-like What can be added to the inhibit trypsin Complete medium What is the purpose of a disassociation medium Cause adherent cells to detach from one another and the substrate What is important when growing animal cells Use continuous vigilance to guard against contamination What is the easiest thing to do if we find bacterial contamination in our culture Discard the culture What is cross contamination Result of working on two cell lines at once