AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A colon cancer screening study is being conducted in Burkeshire, England. Individuals 50 to 75 years
old will be screened with the Hemoccult test. In this test, a stool sample is tested for the presence of
blood. The Hemoccult test has a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 75%. If Burkeshire has a
prevalence of 12/1,000 for colon cancer, what is the computed positive predictive value of the
Hemoccult test?
3.3%
Primary prevention
Immunization, reducing exposure to a risk factor
Secondary prevention
Screening for breast cancer
Tertiary prevention
Rehabilitation after a surgical procedure
A physical examination was used to screen for breast cancer in 2,500 women with biopsy-proven
adenocarcinoma of the breast and in 5,000 age- and race-matched control women. Results of the
physical examination were positive, meaning that a mass was palpated in 1,800 cases and in 800
, control women, all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy. The sensitivity of the physical
examination was ________ percent.
72%
A program manager from an international health funding agency wants to identify regions that would
benefit from an intervention to reduce premature disability. The program manager asks you to
develop a proposal using an index that would assist in making this decision. Which of the following
would best serve this purpose to provide the needed information?
Disability-adjusted life-years
A research study reported a weighted Kappa statistic of Kappa = 0.86 between raters (Kappa = 0.86).
The reported Kappa statistic indicates ________.
Herd Immunity
The resistance of a group of people to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of members of
the group are immune
Incubation period
The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness
Preclinical disease
Disease that is not yet clinically apparent but will progress to clinical disease
Persistent (chronic) disease
Disease that persists for years and sometimes for one's lifetime