NUR 1212C Final Exam / 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
S/S of PE: - ANSWER: sudden onset dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, tachycardia,
crackles, diaphoresis, distended neck veins, hypotension
Labs for PE: - ANSWER: BMP, troponin, BNP, d-dimer, ABG, CBC, PTT
Whats used to diagnose a PE? - ANSWER: pulmonary angiography
Left sided heart failure causes (and name), s/s: - ANSWER: CHF: hypertension, CAD,
valve disease
s/s: decreased perfusion, pulmonary congestion, edema
systolic heart failure - ANSWER: heart cannot contract well in systole (forward
failure)
-blood accumulates in the pulmonary blood vessels
-preload and afterload increases
diastolic heart failure - ANSWER: left ventricle cannot relax well enough which
prevents the ventricle from filling with adequate amounts of blood
-typically ejection fracture stays above 40% (unlike systolic heart failure) but more
pressure is needed to pump
Right sided heart failure causes - ANSWER: left sided heart failure, right ventricular
MI, pulmonary hypertension, structural changes in heart
-right ventricle cannot empty completely resulting in increased volume and pressure
which leads to peripheral edema
Main s/s left sided heart failure: - ANSWER: fatigue, weakness, nocturia, angina,
pulmonary congestion, cool extremities, weak periphereal pulses, S3 S4 summation
gallop, frothy pink sputum, tachycardia
Main s/s right sided heart failure: - ANSWER: jugular vein distention, systemic
congestion, enlarged liver and spleen, anorexia, dependent edema, distended
abdomen, weight gain, polyuria at night, swollen hands and fingers
surgical management for heart failure - ANSWER: • Ventricular assist device
• Partial left ventriculectomy
• Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty
, • Acorn cardiac support device
myosplint
Drugs patients with heart failure should avoid: - ANSWER: NSAIDs (with the
exception of aspirin due to its blood thinning effects) because NSAIDs can cause
sodium and fluid retention
tonic-clonic seizures - ANSWER: last 2-5 minutes, stiffening -> loss of consciousness -
> jerking of all extremities
tonic seizures - ANSWER: increased in muscle tone -> loss of consciousness
clonic seizure - ANSWER: lasts sever minutes and causes muscle contractions
myoclonic seizure - ANSWER: brief jerking or stiffening, lasts just a few seconds, may
be asymmetric
atonic seizure - ANSWER: sudden loss of muscle tone for a few seconds, followed by
confusion.
These patients are extremely high fall risk and these types of seizures are very drug
resistant
partial seizure - ANSWER: begins in one cerebral hemisphere and divided into
complex partial seizure or simple partial seizure
simple partial - ANSWER: motor symptoms confined to a specific area, remains
conscious, reports an aura
complex partial - ANSWER: altered behavior and wandering where the client is not
aware, loses consciousness for a few seconds
unclassified seizures - ANSWER: idiopathic, account for half of all seizures, and dont
fit into a category
generalized seizures - ANSWER: tonic-clonic, absence seizures, myoclonic, atonic
lumbar puncture complications - ANSWER: CSF leakage, headache, bleeding
adenocarcinomas - ANSWER: arise from grandular epithelial tissue of the colon and
most arise from polyps
risk factors for colorectal cancer - ANSWER: older than 50, genetic predisposition,
personal or family history of cancer, and/or diseases that predispose the patient to
cancer such as FAP, Crohn's, and ulcerative colitis, more common cancer in african
americans
ANSWERS
S/S of PE: - ANSWER: sudden onset dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, tachycardia,
crackles, diaphoresis, distended neck veins, hypotension
Labs for PE: - ANSWER: BMP, troponin, BNP, d-dimer, ABG, CBC, PTT
Whats used to diagnose a PE? - ANSWER: pulmonary angiography
Left sided heart failure causes (and name), s/s: - ANSWER: CHF: hypertension, CAD,
valve disease
s/s: decreased perfusion, pulmonary congestion, edema
systolic heart failure - ANSWER: heart cannot contract well in systole (forward
failure)
-blood accumulates in the pulmonary blood vessels
-preload and afterload increases
diastolic heart failure - ANSWER: left ventricle cannot relax well enough which
prevents the ventricle from filling with adequate amounts of blood
-typically ejection fracture stays above 40% (unlike systolic heart failure) but more
pressure is needed to pump
Right sided heart failure causes - ANSWER: left sided heart failure, right ventricular
MI, pulmonary hypertension, structural changes in heart
-right ventricle cannot empty completely resulting in increased volume and pressure
which leads to peripheral edema
Main s/s left sided heart failure: - ANSWER: fatigue, weakness, nocturia, angina,
pulmonary congestion, cool extremities, weak periphereal pulses, S3 S4 summation
gallop, frothy pink sputum, tachycardia
Main s/s right sided heart failure: - ANSWER: jugular vein distention, systemic
congestion, enlarged liver and spleen, anorexia, dependent edema, distended
abdomen, weight gain, polyuria at night, swollen hands and fingers
surgical management for heart failure - ANSWER: • Ventricular assist device
• Partial left ventriculectomy
• Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty
, • Acorn cardiac support device
myosplint
Drugs patients with heart failure should avoid: - ANSWER: NSAIDs (with the
exception of aspirin due to its blood thinning effects) because NSAIDs can cause
sodium and fluid retention
tonic-clonic seizures - ANSWER: last 2-5 minutes, stiffening -> loss of consciousness -
> jerking of all extremities
tonic seizures - ANSWER: increased in muscle tone -> loss of consciousness
clonic seizure - ANSWER: lasts sever minutes and causes muscle contractions
myoclonic seizure - ANSWER: brief jerking or stiffening, lasts just a few seconds, may
be asymmetric
atonic seizure - ANSWER: sudden loss of muscle tone for a few seconds, followed by
confusion.
These patients are extremely high fall risk and these types of seizures are very drug
resistant
partial seizure - ANSWER: begins in one cerebral hemisphere and divided into
complex partial seizure or simple partial seizure
simple partial - ANSWER: motor symptoms confined to a specific area, remains
conscious, reports an aura
complex partial - ANSWER: altered behavior and wandering where the client is not
aware, loses consciousness for a few seconds
unclassified seizures - ANSWER: idiopathic, account for half of all seizures, and dont
fit into a category
generalized seizures - ANSWER: tonic-clonic, absence seizures, myoclonic, atonic
lumbar puncture complications - ANSWER: CSF leakage, headache, bleeding
adenocarcinomas - ANSWER: arise from grandular epithelial tissue of the colon and
most arise from polyps
risk factors for colorectal cancer - ANSWER: older than 50, genetic predisposition,
personal or family history of cancer, and/or diseases that predispose the patient to
cancer such as FAP, Crohn's, and ulcerative colitis, more common cancer in african
americans
