ATI Fluid and Electrolytes 2022 Questions & Answers Fluid and
Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance
When does osmolatity occur? - ANSWER: when body fluid becomes hypertonic or
hypotonic
What is hypernatremia? - ANSWER: water deficit
What is hyponatremia? - ANSWER: water excess or intoxication
Body fluids are distributed between what two compartments? - ANSWER: -
Intracellular (ICF)
-Extracellular (ECF)
What is ICF? - ANSWER: -2/3 of body water
-body fluids WITHIN the cells
What is ECF? - ANSWER: -1/3 of body water
-Body fluid OUTSIDE of the cell membrane
-is divided into 3 parts
What are the 3 parts of ECF? - ANSWER: -Intravascular fluid
-Interstitual fluid
-Trancellular body fluids
What is intravascular fluid? - ANSWER: the liquid part of blood or the plasma
What is interstitial fluid? - ANSWER: fluid between cells
What is transcellular body fluids? - ANSWER: secreted by epithelial cells
(cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial fluids)
What is relative dehydration? - ANSWER: When water shifts from the plasma into
the interstitial space. There is no actual loss of total body water, it's just moved.
What is hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -isotonic dehydration
-lack of both water and electrolytes, causing a decrease in circulating blood volume
What is hypovolemia also known as? - ANSWER: volume deficit
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -Excesssive GI loss (vomiting,
diarrhea, and nasogastric suctioning)
-Excessive renal system losses (Diuretic therapy, kidney disease, adrenal
insufficiency)
-Excessive skin loss (diaphoresis without sodium and water replacement)
, -third spacing (burns)
-Hemorrage or plasma loss
-Altered intake (anorexia, nausea, impaired swallowing, confusion, NPO,
What are some causes of dehydration? - ANSWER: -Hyperventilation or perspiration
without water treatment
-Prolonged fever
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-insufficent water intake
-diabetes insipidus
-osmotic diuresis
-excessive intake of salt, salt tablets, or hypertonic IV fluids
Manifestations of Hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -Hyperthermia
-tachycardia
-thready pulse
-hypotension
-tachypnea
-hypoxia
-dizziness
-thirst and dry tongue
-nausea and vomiting
- Oliguria
Findings of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -Diminished capillary refill
-cool, clammy skin
-diaphoresis
-sunken eyeballs
-flattened neck veins
-poor skin turgor
-elevated body temp
-weight loss
The effect of fluid imbalance in older adults is greater due to what? - ANSWER: - the
loss of elasticity of the skin
-decrease in glomerular filtration and concentrating ability of the kidneys
-loss of muscle mass (muscle tissue hold smore body water)
-diminished thirst reflex
Lab tests for dehydration? - ANSWER: -Hematocrit (Hct)
-BUN
-Creatine
-Urine specific gravity
-Blood sodium
-Blood osmolality
Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance
When does osmolatity occur? - ANSWER: when body fluid becomes hypertonic or
hypotonic
What is hypernatremia? - ANSWER: water deficit
What is hyponatremia? - ANSWER: water excess or intoxication
Body fluids are distributed between what two compartments? - ANSWER: -
Intracellular (ICF)
-Extracellular (ECF)
What is ICF? - ANSWER: -2/3 of body water
-body fluids WITHIN the cells
What is ECF? - ANSWER: -1/3 of body water
-Body fluid OUTSIDE of the cell membrane
-is divided into 3 parts
What are the 3 parts of ECF? - ANSWER: -Intravascular fluid
-Interstitual fluid
-Trancellular body fluids
What is intravascular fluid? - ANSWER: the liquid part of blood or the plasma
What is interstitial fluid? - ANSWER: fluid between cells
What is transcellular body fluids? - ANSWER: secreted by epithelial cells
(cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial fluids)
What is relative dehydration? - ANSWER: When water shifts from the plasma into
the interstitial space. There is no actual loss of total body water, it's just moved.
What is hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -isotonic dehydration
-lack of both water and electrolytes, causing a decrease in circulating blood volume
What is hypovolemia also known as? - ANSWER: volume deficit
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -Excesssive GI loss (vomiting,
diarrhea, and nasogastric suctioning)
-Excessive renal system losses (Diuretic therapy, kidney disease, adrenal
insufficiency)
-Excessive skin loss (diaphoresis without sodium and water replacement)
, -third spacing (burns)
-Hemorrage or plasma loss
-Altered intake (anorexia, nausea, impaired swallowing, confusion, NPO,
What are some causes of dehydration? - ANSWER: -Hyperventilation or perspiration
without water treatment
-Prolonged fever
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-insufficent water intake
-diabetes insipidus
-osmotic diuresis
-excessive intake of salt, salt tablets, or hypertonic IV fluids
Manifestations of Hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -Hyperthermia
-tachycardia
-thready pulse
-hypotension
-tachypnea
-hypoxia
-dizziness
-thirst and dry tongue
-nausea and vomiting
- Oliguria
Findings of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: -Diminished capillary refill
-cool, clammy skin
-diaphoresis
-sunken eyeballs
-flattened neck veins
-poor skin turgor
-elevated body temp
-weight loss
The effect of fluid imbalance in older adults is greater due to what? - ANSWER: - the
loss of elasticity of the skin
-decrease in glomerular filtration and concentrating ability of the kidneys
-loss of muscle mass (muscle tissue hold smore body water)
-diminished thirst reflex
Lab tests for dehydration? - ANSWER: -Hematocrit (Hct)
-BUN
-Creatine
-Urine specific gravity
-Blood sodium
-Blood osmolality
