ATI Fluid and Electrolytes 2022 Questions & Answers Fluid and
Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance
Body fluids are distributed between __ and __ compartments - ANSWER:
Intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF)
What are some methods of fluid movement through compartments to maintain
homeostasis? - ANSWER: diffusion, active transport, filtration, osmosis
Minerals (or salts) present in body fluids that regulate fluid balance and hormone
production, strengthen skeletal structures, and act as catalysts in nerve response,
muscle contraction, and the metabolism of nutrients. - ANSWER: electrolytes
When dissolved in water, electrolytes separate and produce either a positive or
negative electrical current. These separated particles are called ___. - ANSWER: ions
What is the term for positive ions? Negative? - ANSWER: positive ions are cations,
negative ions are anions
Name some important cations: - ANSWER: sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium
Name some important anions: - ANSWER: phosphate, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate
Loss of water and electrolytes from the ECF is a type of fluid volume deficit known
as: - ANSWER: hypovolemia - isotonic
Loss of water with no loss of electrolytes from the ECF is a type of FVD known as: -
ANSWER: dehydration - osmolar
____ occurs with dehydration, resulting in increases in Hct, serum electrolytes, and
urine specific gravity - ANSWER: hemoconcentration
What are some compensatory mechanisms for fluid volume deficit (FVD)? - ANSWER:
increase thirst, antidiuretic hormone release (ADH), aldosterone release
Hypovolemia can lead to what kind of shock? - ANSWER: hypovolemic
Why do older adults have an increased risk for dehydration? - ANSWER: because
they have a decrease in body mass, which includes total body water content
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: GI losses, diaphoresis, abnormal
renal losses, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascites, burns, hemorrhage, altered
intake (NPO)
, What are some causes of dehydration? - ANSWER: hyperventilation, diabetic
ketoacidosis, enteral feeding without sufficient water intake
Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, and fatigue are some
neuromusculoskeletal objective signs associated with what - ANSWER: fluid volume
deficit
GI symptoms of FVD - ANSWER: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, acute weight loss
renal symptoms of FVD - ANSWER: oliguria (decreased urine output)
Diminished capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flattened
neck veins are signs of what - ANSWER: FVD
TF: Hypovolemia decreases Hct - ANSWER: False.
Hct is increased with dehydration, but not present when dehydration is caused by __
- ANSWER: hemorrhage
___ causes increased hemoconcentration osmolarity, increase protein, BUN,
electrolytes, glucose - ANSWER: dehydration
TF: When caring for a client with FVD, the nurse should administer supplemental
oxygen as prescribed - ANSWER: True
When should you alert the provider regarding the urine output? - ANSWER: when it
is less than 30 ml/hr
Type of fluid volume in which water and sodium retained is in abnormally high
proportions - ANSWER: hypervolemia - isotonic
Type of fluid volume in which more water is gained than electrolytes - ANSWER:
overhydration - osmolar
Severe ____ can lead to pulmonary edema and heart failure - ANSWER:
hypervolemia
Heart failure, cirrhosis, and increased glucocorticosteroids can cause hypervolemia.
These conditions cause the kidneys to do what - ANSWER: chronically conserve
water and sodium
Interstitial to plasma fluid shifts (hypertonic fluids, burns) can cause - ANSWER:
hypervolemia
Age related changed in ___ and ___ function can cause hypervolemia - ANSWER:
cardiovascular and renal function
Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance
Body fluids are distributed between __ and __ compartments - ANSWER:
Intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF)
What are some methods of fluid movement through compartments to maintain
homeostasis? - ANSWER: diffusion, active transport, filtration, osmosis
Minerals (or salts) present in body fluids that regulate fluid balance and hormone
production, strengthen skeletal structures, and act as catalysts in nerve response,
muscle contraction, and the metabolism of nutrients. - ANSWER: electrolytes
When dissolved in water, electrolytes separate and produce either a positive or
negative electrical current. These separated particles are called ___. - ANSWER: ions
What is the term for positive ions? Negative? - ANSWER: positive ions are cations,
negative ions are anions
Name some important cations: - ANSWER: sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium
Name some important anions: - ANSWER: phosphate, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate
Loss of water and electrolytes from the ECF is a type of fluid volume deficit known
as: - ANSWER: hypovolemia - isotonic
Loss of water with no loss of electrolytes from the ECF is a type of FVD known as: -
ANSWER: dehydration - osmolar
____ occurs with dehydration, resulting in increases in Hct, serum electrolytes, and
urine specific gravity - ANSWER: hemoconcentration
What are some compensatory mechanisms for fluid volume deficit (FVD)? - ANSWER:
increase thirst, antidiuretic hormone release (ADH), aldosterone release
Hypovolemia can lead to what kind of shock? - ANSWER: hypovolemic
Why do older adults have an increased risk for dehydration? - ANSWER: because
they have a decrease in body mass, which includes total body water content
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: GI losses, diaphoresis, abnormal
renal losses, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascites, burns, hemorrhage, altered
intake (NPO)
, What are some causes of dehydration? - ANSWER: hyperventilation, diabetic
ketoacidosis, enteral feeding without sufficient water intake
Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, and fatigue are some
neuromusculoskeletal objective signs associated with what - ANSWER: fluid volume
deficit
GI symptoms of FVD - ANSWER: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, acute weight loss
renal symptoms of FVD - ANSWER: oliguria (decreased urine output)
Diminished capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flattened
neck veins are signs of what - ANSWER: FVD
TF: Hypovolemia decreases Hct - ANSWER: False.
Hct is increased with dehydration, but not present when dehydration is caused by __
- ANSWER: hemorrhage
___ causes increased hemoconcentration osmolarity, increase protein, BUN,
electrolytes, glucose - ANSWER: dehydration
TF: When caring for a client with FVD, the nurse should administer supplemental
oxygen as prescribed - ANSWER: True
When should you alert the provider regarding the urine output? - ANSWER: when it
is less than 30 ml/hr
Type of fluid volume in which water and sodium retained is in abnormally high
proportions - ANSWER: hypervolemia - isotonic
Type of fluid volume in which more water is gained than electrolytes - ANSWER:
overhydration - osmolar
Severe ____ can lead to pulmonary edema and heart failure - ANSWER:
hypervolemia
Heart failure, cirrhosis, and increased glucocorticosteroids can cause hypervolemia.
These conditions cause the kidneys to do what - ANSWER: chronically conserve
water and sodium
Interstitial to plasma fluid shifts (hypertonic fluids, burns) can cause - ANSWER:
hypervolemia
Age related changed in ___ and ___ function can cause hypervolemia - ANSWER:
cardiovascular and renal function
