BIOD 151 Module 3 Exam Review Answer Key (Portage
learning)UPDATED 2022
Two divisions of the digestive system - ANSWER: alimentary canal and accessory
organs
seven parts of the gastrointestinal tract - ANSWER: mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
six digestive accessory organs - ANSWER: teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands,
liver, pancreas
mouth opening - ANSWER: lips
floor of the mouth - ANSWER: tongue
walls of the mouth - ANSWER: cheeks
roof of mouth - ANSWER: hard and soft palates
two bones and membrane the tongue is attached to - ANSWER: hyoid and mandible
bone and membranous lingual frenulum
How many teeth are in the human adult and what do they do? - ANSWER: thirty-two
teeth work together to tear, crush and grind food to mechanically digest food.
What are the four types of teeth? - ANSWER: incisors, canines, premolars, molars
incisors - ANSWER: two, chisel shaped for biting
canine - ANSWER: one pointed for tearing
pre-molars - ANSWER: two fairly flat for grinding
molars - ANSWER: three flat for crushing
What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion? -
ANSWER: Food is mixed and moistened with the saliva secreted from the salivary
glands that contain enzymes that begin chemical digestion process by breaking down
starch.
Where are the taste buds located? - ANSWER: Primarily the tongue but also the
surface of the mouth and wall of the pharynx.
, Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process - ANSWER: tongue grips
the food, constantly repositioning it between the teeth and forms the bolus that is
pushed back to the pharynx to be swallowed.
bolus - ANSWER: compact mass of food formed by chewing of the teeth and
reposition by the tongue.
three parts of the pharynx - ANSWER: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
through which sections of the pharynx does air travel? food? - ANSWER: air travels
through all three sections
food travels through oropharynx and laryngopharynx
What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary? - ANSWER:
The epiglottis covers the esophagus and prevent aspiration of food and liquid.
Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food passage. -
ANSWER: The two layers of muscle, circumferential outer layer and inner
longitudinal layer, alternatively contract to squeeze the food into the esophagus by
peristalsis.
Tissue layers of the esophagus - ANSWER: the innermost layer is the mucosa which
secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal tract, the second layer is the
submucosa which contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and
mucous glands, the third layer is the muscularis externa which is made of two layers
of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers and the
outermost layer is the serosa which is made up of cells that make serous fluid.
Peristalsis - ANSWER: the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the alternating
contraction of the sets of longitudinal and circumferential muscles.
three main divisions of the tooth - ANSWER: crown, neck, root
three types of papillae - ANSWER: filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
Which papillae contain taste buds - ANSWER: Circumvallate and fungiform
Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the abdomen and
diaphragm. - ANSWER: stomach is a backward C-shaped organ located along the left
side of the abdomen and below the diaphragm
Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach - ANSWER: Food enters
from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits the stomach via
the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine
lesser curvature - ANSWER: concave, extends inward on the shorter side of the
stomach
learning)UPDATED 2022
Two divisions of the digestive system - ANSWER: alimentary canal and accessory
organs
seven parts of the gastrointestinal tract - ANSWER: mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
six digestive accessory organs - ANSWER: teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands,
liver, pancreas
mouth opening - ANSWER: lips
floor of the mouth - ANSWER: tongue
walls of the mouth - ANSWER: cheeks
roof of mouth - ANSWER: hard and soft palates
two bones and membrane the tongue is attached to - ANSWER: hyoid and mandible
bone and membranous lingual frenulum
How many teeth are in the human adult and what do they do? - ANSWER: thirty-two
teeth work together to tear, crush and grind food to mechanically digest food.
What are the four types of teeth? - ANSWER: incisors, canines, premolars, molars
incisors - ANSWER: two, chisel shaped for biting
canine - ANSWER: one pointed for tearing
pre-molars - ANSWER: two fairly flat for grinding
molars - ANSWER: three flat for crushing
What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion? -
ANSWER: Food is mixed and moistened with the saliva secreted from the salivary
glands that contain enzymes that begin chemical digestion process by breaking down
starch.
Where are the taste buds located? - ANSWER: Primarily the tongue but also the
surface of the mouth and wall of the pharynx.
, Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process - ANSWER: tongue grips
the food, constantly repositioning it between the teeth and forms the bolus that is
pushed back to the pharynx to be swallowed.
bolus - ANSWER: compact mass of food formed by chewing of the teeth and
reposition by the tongue.
three parts of the pharynx - ANSWER: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
through which sections of the pharynx does air travel? food? - ANSWER: air travels
through all three sections
food travels through oropharynx and laryngopharynx
What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary? - ANSWER:
The epiglottis covers the esophagus and prevent aspiration of food and liquid.
Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food passage. -
ANSWER: The two layers of muscle, circumferential outer layer and inner
longitudinal layer, alternatively contract to squeeze the food into the esophagus by
peristalsis.
Tissue layers of the esophagus - ANSWER: the innermost layer is the mucosa which
secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal tract, the second layer is the
submucosa which contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and
mucous glands, the third layer is the muscularis externa which is made of two layers
of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers and the
outermost layer is the serosa which is made up of cells that make serous fluid.
Peristalsis - ANSWER: the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the alternating
contraction of the sets of longitudinal and circumferential muscles.
three main divisions of the tooth - ANSWER: crown, neck, root
three types of papillae - ANSWER: filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
Which papillae contain taste buds - ANSWER: Circumvallate and fungiform
Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the abdomen and
diaphragm. - ANSWER: stomach is a backward C-shaped organ located along the left
side of the abdomen and below the diaphragm
Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach - ANSWER: Food enters
from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits the stomach via
the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine
lesser curvature - ANSWER: concave, extends inward on the shorter side of the
stomach
