ANCC Cardiac-Vascular Exam Questions
and Answers
AcceleratedsHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-
precursorstosmalignantsHTNsandsisscharacterizedsbysansincreasesinsthespatient'ssbaselinesB
P
AcutesCoronarysSyndromes-sCORRECTsANSWER-
pathophysiologicscontinuumsthatsbeginsswithsplaquesrupturesinsascoronarysarterysandsultim
atelysresultssinscellsnecrosiss(infarction)sifsthesprocesssissnotsarrested
1.sunstablesanginas2.sNSTEMIs3.sSTEMI
Brains&sHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-Reducesdiastolicspressuresbysone-
thirds(notstosgos<95smmsHg)susingsaggressivespharmacologicsmeasures
BrugadasSyndromes-sCORRECTsANSWER-
inheritedschannelopathysinvolvingsmutationssofsthesSCN5Asgenesthatsparticipatessinsregula
tionsofscardiacssodiumschannels;sassociatedswithshighsincidencesofsVT/VFsandssuddenscar
diacsdeathsinspeopleswithsstructurallysnormalshearts;scharacterizedsbysST-
segmentselevationsandsRBBB-typesQRSspatternsinsleadsssV1-
V3,stypicallyswithoutsthesdominantsSswavessinstheslateralsleadssthatsissseenswithstruesRBBB
Cardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
diseasesinvolvingsdestructionsofsthescardiacsmusclesfibers,scausingsimpairmentsofsmyocard
ialsfunctionsandsdecreasedscardiacsoutput
DilatedsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
1.sInabilitystosmaintainsadequatesCOs(Fatigue,sweakness,ssinusstachycardia,spulsessaltern
ans,snarrowedspulsespressure)
2.sIncreasedsleftsventricularsfillingspressures(dyspnea,sorthopnea,scrackles,sS3/S4,sarrhyth
mias,ssystolicsmurmursassociatedswithsMVsinsufficiency)
3.sIncreasedsrightsventricularsfillingspressuress(peripheralsedema,sJVD,shepatomegaly,sele
vatedsVswave
4.sIncreasedsatrialspressures(palpitations,selevatedsAswave)
DilatedsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
thesmostscommonstypesofscardiomyopathy;scommonlyscausedsbyscoronarysarterysdiseases
andsissassociatedswithsimpairedsmyocardialscontractilitysandsincreasedsventricularsfillingspr
essures
Enalaprils-sCORRECTsANSWER-*sACEsInhibitor
*sAdministersIVsatsasratesofs5mg/min
, Esmolols-sCORRECTsANSWER-
*sBetas1sselectivesblockersandsatshighersdosessinhibitssB2sreceptorssinsthesbloodsvessels
*sUsefulsforstreatingshypertension
*sAdministers0.5smg/Kgsovers1sminsloadingsdosesfollowedsbys50mcg/Kg/minsinfusion
*sTitratestosachievesdesiredslowersBP
*sOnsetsofsactionswithinsminutes
*sPeakseffectsinslesssthans5sminutes
EtiologysofsDilatedsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
Idiopathic,stoxinss(suchsassalcoholsandscocaine),smusclesdystrophy,smyotonicsdystrophy,sh
ypophosphatemia,shypocalcemia,shypokalemia,sviral/bacterial/fungalsinfections,slupussery
thematosus,speripartumsorspostpartumsstatus,srehmatoidsdisease,sscleroderma,shyperten
sion,sthiaminesdeficiency,smicrovascularsspasm
EtiologysofsHypertrophicsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
idiopathic,sgeneticstransmission,sfriedreichsataxia,shypoparathyroidsm,samyloidosis
EtiologysofsRestrictivesCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
idiopathic,smyocardialsfibrosis,sinfiltration,shypertophy,samyloidosis,shemochromatosis,sgly
cogensdeposition,sscleroderma
Eyess&sHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-
ReducessystolicsandsdiastolicsBP;sobservesretinasforsevidencesofshemorrhage,sexcudate,so
rspapill-
edema;sinstructsthespatientswithsblurringsofsvisionsregardingshissorshersenvironment,sespeci
allyslocationsofsthescallsbell
Hearts&sHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-
Reducesdiastolicsandssystolicspressuresbysone-
third;sadministerscombinationstherapysifspossibles(Vasodilatorsandsbeta-
blocker)sorsACEsinhibitorsforsafterloadsreduction;smonitorsforsischemicschangessonsECG
HypertensivesCrisiss-sCORRECTsANSWER-
severeselevationsinsBP,srelativestosindividual'ssbaselinesBP,swhichscausessrisksofsend-
organsdamagesandspoorslong-
termsoutcomesduestospermanentsorganssystemsdamagesifsthesimmediatesepisodesissnotsrel
atedsquicklysandsaggressively
HypertrophicsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
1.sInabilitystosmaintainsadequatesCOs(agina,ssyncope,sfatigue,sST,sVF,sCOsissinitiallysnorma
l,sthensdecreases)
2.sIncreasedsventricularsfillingspressuress(dyspnea,sorthopnea,sarrhythmias,sabnormalshe
modynamicsprofile)
3.sIncreasedsatrialspressures(S4,satrialsarrhythmias,spalpitations,selevatedsAswavesandsRAs
pressure)
and Answers
AcceleratedsHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-
precursorstosmalignantsHTNsandsisscharacterizedsbysansincreasesinsthespatient'ssbaselinesB
P
AcutesCoronarysSyndromes-sCORRECTsANSWER-
pathophysiologicscontinuumsthatsbeginsswithsplaquesrupturesinsascoronarysarterysandsultim
atelysresultssinscellsnecrosiss(infarction)sifsthesprocesssissnotsarrested
1.sunstablesanginas2.sNSTEMIs3.sSTEMI
Brains&sHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-Reducesdiastolicspressuresbysone-
thirds(notstosgos<95smmsHg)susingsaggressivespharmacologicsmeasures
BrugadasSyndromes-sCORRECTsANSWER-
inheritedschannelopathysinvolvingsmutationssofsthesSCN5Asgenesthatsparticipatessinsregula
tionsofscardiacssodiumschannels;sassociatedswithshighsincidencesofsVT/VFsandssuddenscar
diacsdeathsinspeopleswithsstructurallysnormalshearts;scharacterizedsbysST-
segmentselevationsandsRBBB-typesQRSspatternsinsleadsssV1-
V3,stypicallyswithoutsthesdominantsSswavessinstheslateralsleadssthatsissseenswithstruesRBBB
Cardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
diseasesinvolvingsdestructionsofsthescardiacsmusclesfibers,scausingsimpairmentsofsmyocard
ialsfunctionsandsdecreasedscardiacsoutput
DilatedsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
1.sInabilitystosmaintainsadequatesCOs(Fatigue,sweakness,ssinusstachycardia,spulsessaltern
ans,snarrowedspulsespressure)
2.sIncreasedsleftsventricularsfillingspressures(dyspnea,sorthopnea,scrackles,sS3/S4,sarrhyth
mias,ssystolicsmurmursassociatedswithsMVsinsufficiency)
3.sIncreasedsrightsventricularsfillingspressuress(peripheralsedema,sJVD,shepatomegaly,sele
vatedsVswave
4.sIncreasedsatrialspressures(palpitations,selevatedsAswave)
DilatedsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
thesmostscommonstypesofscardiomyopathy;scommonlyscausedsbyscoronarysarterysdiseases
andsissassociatedswithsimpairedsmyocardialscontractilitysandsincreasedsventricularsfillingspr
essures
Enalaprils-sCORRECTsANSWER-*sACEsInhibitor
*sAdministersIVsatsasratesofs5mg/min
, Esmolols-sCORRECTsANSWER-
*sBetas1sselectivesblockersandsatshighersdosessinhibitssB2sreceptorssinsthesbloodsvessels
*sUsefulsforstreatingshypertension
*sAdministers0.5smg/Kgsovers1sminsloadingsdosesfollowedsbys50mcg/Kg/minsinfusion
*sTitratestosachievesdesiredslowersBP
*sOnsetsofsactionswithinsminutes
*sPeakseffectsinslesssthans5sminutes
EtiologysofsDilatedsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
Idiopathic,stoxinss(suchsassalcoholsandscocaine),smusclesdystrophy,smyotonicsdystrophy,sh
ypophosphatemia,shypocalcemia,shypokalemia,sviral/bacterial/fungalsinfections,slupussery
thematosus,speripartumsorspostpartumsstatus,srehmatoidsdisease,sscleroderma,shyperten
sion,sthiaminesdeficiency,smicrovascularsspasm
EtiologysofsHypertrophicsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
idiopathic,sgeneticstransmission,sfriedreichsataxia,shypoparathyroidsm,samyloidosis
EtiologysofsRestrictivesCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
idiopathic,smyocardialsfibrosis,sinfiltration,shypertophy,samyloidosis,shemochromatosis,sgly
cogensdeposition,sscleroderma
Eyess&sHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-
ReducessystolicsandsdiastolicsBP;sobservesretinasforsevidencesofshemorrhage,sexcudate,so
rspapill-
edema;sinstructsthespatientswithsblurringsofsvisionsregardingshissorshersenvironment,sespeci
allyslocationsofsthescallsbell
Hearts&sHypertensions-sCORRECTsANSWER-
Reducesdiastolicsandssystolicspressuresbysone-
third;sadministerscombinationstherapysifspossibles(Vasodilatorsandsbeta-
blocker)sorsACEsinhibitorsforsafterloadsreduction;smonitorsforsischemicschangessonsECG
HypertensivesCrisiss-sCORRECTsANSWER-
severeselevationsinsBP,srelativestosindividual'ssbaselinesBP,swhichscausessrisksofsend-
organsdamagesandspoorslong-
termsoutcomesduestospermanentsorganssystemsdamagesifsthesimmediatesepisodesissnotsrel
atedsquicklysandsaggressively
HypertrophicsCardiomyopathys-sCORRECTsANSWER-
1.sInabilitystosmaintainsadequatesCOs(agina,ssyncope,sfatigue,sST,sVF,sCOsissinitiallysnorma
l,sthensdecreases)
2.sIncreasedsventricularsfillingspressuress(dyspnea,sorthopnea,sarrhythmias,sabnormalshe
modynamicsprofile)
3.sIncreasedsatrialspressures(S4,satrialsarrhythmias,spalpitations,selevatedsAswavesandsRAs
pressure)
