NUR 111 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Electrolyte balance and imbalances ▪ Sodium Major cation in ECF Hyponatremia - serum level below 136 mEq/L ♦Interventions Priority is monitoring the pt. response to therapy to prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload Drug therapy Nutrition therapy ▪ Increasing oral Na intake and restricting oral fluid intake Hypernatremia ♦Serum Na level over 145 mEq/L Medication error Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or pt. harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient or consumer ______ rinses for chemo patients Normal saline Sources of Infection Chain Agent - organism the spreads disease Reservoir - where organism live Exit - how organisms escape reservoir Transmission - how organism spreads pathogens Entry - how pathogen enter host Host - infected with pathogens form organisms 3 stages of Inflammation Vascular and cellular response ▪ Redness, heat, pain, swelling Inflammatory exudates (drainage) Tissue repair ASEPSIS Medical = clean technique Surgical = sterile technique Must have Dr. order to put patient in ______ shower or tub Do not offer a _____ a back rub heart patients ________ swabs dry the mucous membrane and erodes enamel Lemon glycerine Assess for gag reflex Sims position Suction available Never use your finger to keep mouth open Need more frequent oral care Petroleum jelly on lips Oral hygiene for unconscious patient Bed positions Fowlers - 45 degrees Semi fowlers - 30 degrees Trendelenburg - head of bed down Reverse trendelenburg - foot of bed down Flat What is the difference in the scope of practice of RN's and LPN's? A RN can function independently, LPN can do an assessment, but must report to RN What would an RN who has been inactive for more than 5 years need to do to be removed from the inactive list? Prove they've been active in another state or apply and take an approved refresher course How many times per year, is the licensure exam for RN's administered? 2 times a year HIPPA Protects confidentiality and privacy of pt. health information 4 areas ▪ Portability of healthcare coverage ▪ Privacy regulation ▪ Security regulation ▪ Administrative provisions for transmissions of electronic Patient self determination act Requires health care agencies to provide written info. to clients about their right to make decisions about their care Legal aspects of pt. rights Informed consent ▪ Nurse cannot obtain consent Leaving against medical advice ▪ Explain dangers and risks of leaving Physical restraints ▪ Last resort ▪ Expires every 24 hr. Diagnostic related groups Payment is predetermined based on diagnosis Advance directives Living will ▪ Documents a person's wishes will still living Durable power of attorney ▪ Allows a designee to make decisions if pt. becomes incapacitated Autonomy self determination; acting on one's own Beneficence doing or actively promoting good Confidentiality respecting privileged info. on pt. Justice being fair or equal in one's action Nonmaleficence the duty to do no harm to a pt. Veracity the duty to tell the truth Fidelity the duty to tell the truth Colonization the establishment and growth of microorganisms on the skin, open wounds, or mucous membranes, or in secretions without causing adverse clinical signs or symptoms Community associated infection acquired by persons who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure recently (within the past year) Definitive therapy the administration of antibiotics based on known results of culture and sensitivity testing identifying the pathogen causing infection Empiric therapy the administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner's judgment of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; it involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay before specific culture info. has been obtained