BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM LATEST
QUIZES AND ANSWERS
prokaryotes include how many domains of life? what are
they?
two, archaea and bacteria
95% of the cell is made up of what elements?
O,C,H,N
what are prokaryotes exclusively?
single cell organisms
why are prokaryotes more adaptable to changing
environments? what does this allow them to do?
simplicity and rapid cell division allows them to evolve to
colonize extreme environments
4 classes of monomers?
1. amino acids
2. monosaccharides
3. nucleotides
4. lipids
amino acids components? polymer and linkage?
1. carboxylic acid group
2. side chain (R)
,3. amino group
(amino and carboxylic acid groups are both charged at
physiological pH)
polymer = polypeptide, linked by condensation reaction
between carboxylic acid and amino groups (= peptide bond)
monosaccharide components? equation ratio? polymer and
linkage?
either a glucose/sugar chain of H-C-OH or a
glucose/sugar ring with H-C-OH substituents
equation: 1:1 carbon to oxygen
polymer: polysaccharide, linked by a condensation reaction that
leaves an ether linkage (= glycosidic bond)
nucleotide components? polymer and linkage?
a nitrogenous base
polymer: nucleic acid, linked by a phosphodiester bond
lipid components? equation ratio?
polymer?
1. polar head
2. long non-polar region
, equation: large C:O,N,P ratio
polymer: (false- not actually a polymer) aggregates
polypeptide?
polymer of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
protein?
functional unit of one or more polypeptides
residue?
a monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer by a
peptide bond
protein major function, minor function? (options: encode info,
carry out metabolic rxns, store energy, support structures)
major: metabolic reactions supports cellular structures
minor: energy storage
nucleic acid major function, minor function? (options: encode
info, carry out metabolic rxns, store energy, support
structures)
major: encode information
minor: carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
polysaccharide major function, minor function? (options:
encode info, carry out metabolic rxns, store energy, support
structures)
QUIZES AND ANSWERS
prokaryotes include how many domains of life? what are
they?
two, archaea and bacteria
95% of the cell is made up of what elements?
O,C,H,N
what are prokaryotes exclusively?
single cell organisms
why are prokaryotes more adaptable to changing
environments? what does this allow them to do?
simplicity and rapid cell division allows them to evolve to
colonize extreme environments
4 classes of monomers?
1. amino acids
2. monosaccharides
3. nucleotides
4. lipids
amino acids components? polymer and linkage?
1. carboxylic acid group
2. side chain (R)
,3. amino group
(amino and carboxylic acid groups are both charged at
physiological pH)
polymer = polypeptide, linked by condensation reaction
between carboxylic acid and amino groups (= peptide bond)
monosaccharide components? equation ratio? polymer and
linkage?
either a glucose/sugar chain of H-C-OH or a
glucose/sugar ring with H-C-OH substituents
equation: 1:1 carbon to oxygen
polymer: polysaccharide, linked by a condensation reaction that
leaves an ether linkage (= glycosidic bond)
nucleotide components? polymer and linkage?
a nitrogenous base
polymer: nucleic acid, linked by a phosphodiester bond
lipid components? equation ratio?
polymer?
1. polar head
2. long non-polar region
, equation: large C:O,N,P ratio
polymer: (false- not actually a polymer) aggregates
polypeptide?
polymer of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
protein?
functional unit of one or more polypeptides
residue?
a monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer by a
peptide bond
protein major function, minor function? (options: encode info,
carry out metabolic rxns, store energy, support structures)
major: metabolic reactions supports cellular structures
minor: energy storage
nucleic acid major function, minor function? (options: encode
info, carry out metabolic rxns, store energy, support
structures)
major: encode information
minor: carry out metabolic reactions, support cellular structures
polysaccharide major function, minor function? (options:
encode info, carry out metabolic rxns, store energy, support
structures)
