BIOCHEMISTRY QUICK REVISION SUMMARY

BIOCHEMISTRY QUICK REVISION
SUMMARY
Thermodynamics
the study of energy transformations
first law of thermodynamics
-Interconverted
-Energy is conserved
second law of thermodynamics
Universe tends towards maximum disorder
-All physical and chemical processes
-Maintain homeostasis
Entropy
-Change in randomness or disorder of reactants to products
Enthalpy
the heat content of a system
Bioenergetics
The field of bio chem concerned with energy
free energy

,energy that is available to do work
- Approaches 0 as equilibrium is reached
-Change determines favorability
T
Absolute temperatures in degrees Kelvin
H
enthalpy
S
Change in Entropy
-G
Exergonic
Spontaneous
+G
Endergonic
Non-spontaneous
G=0
equilibrium
Unfavorable
Reactions under standard conditions
G is positive
Less reactant
Keq = 1

, Free Energy is =0
Keq>1
products are favored and G is negative
Keq < 1
Reactants are favored and G is positive
consecutive reactions
Sequence of reactions that are ADDITIVE (G has to be negative)
Amino Acids
building blocks of proteins
Proline
contains imino Group
aspartic acid, glutamic acid
acidic amino acids
Histidine, lysine, arginine
basic amino acids
Buffer
Mixing a weak acid with its conjugate base or conjugate base
with strong acid.
Titration