Introduction to Psychology as a Natural Science Exam Study Guide

Introduction to Psychology as a Natural Science Exam Study Guide Psychology - Ans:-Scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Systematic Observation - Ans:-Methodical examination to discern patterns in behavior. Hypothesis Driven Research - Ans:-Research based on testable predictions and theories. Anecdotal Evidence - Ans:-Personal accounts not scientifically validated. Nativist - Ans:-Belief in innate knowledge at birth. Monist - Ans:-Philosophy asserting only physical matter exists. Socratic Method - Ans:-Teaching through asking and refining questions. Ideal Plane - Ans:-Nonphysical realm of perfect forms in Plato's philosophy. Empiricist - Ans:-Scientist who relies on sensory data collection. Inductionism - Ans:-Forming general conclusions from specific observations. Associationist - Ans:-Studies relationships between ideas and concepts. Contiguity - Ans:-Ideas that are next to each other in time or space. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 2/6 Renaissance - Ans:-Period emphasizing humanism and individualism. Heliocentric Model - Ans:-Copernican theory placing the sun at the center. Rationalism - Ans:-Philosophy prioritizing reason over sensory experience. Tabula Rasa - Ans:-Locke's concept of the mind as a blank slate. Political Psychology - Ans:-Study of psychological factors in political behavior. Dualist - Ans:-Belief in both physical and nonphysical realms. Self-Consciousness - Ans:-Awareness of oneself as an individual. Reflexes - Ans:-Involuntary responses to stimuli. Free Will - Ans:-Ability to make choices unconstrained by external factors. Literacy Revolution - Ans:-Rise of reading and writing due to printing technology. Gutenberg's Printing Press - Ans:-Facilitated mass production of written texts. Bacon - Ans:-Refers to Francis Bacon, philosopher and scientist. 19th century - Ans:-Time period significant for psychological developments. Benjamin Rush - Ans:-Prominent physician and social reformer in America. Drapetomania - Ans:-Mental disorder claimed for enslaved people's desire to escape. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 3/6 WEIRD - Ans:-Focus on Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic societies. Francis Galton - Ans:-Pioneer of fingerprinting and eugenics. Wilhelm Wundt - Ans:-Established experimental psychology as a discipline. Edward Titchener - Ans:-Developed structuralism, focusing on mind's structure. Functionalism - Ans:-Examines purpose of mental processes and behavior. Structuralism - Ans:-Analyzes structure of the mind, not brain. Psychoanalytic - Ans:-Studies unconscious mind, developed by Freud and Jung. Gestalt Psychology - Ans:-Focuses on perception as a whole, not parts. Behaviorism - Ans:-Studies observable behaviors, excludes mental processes. Cognitivism - Ans:-Explores mental processes like thought a