Psychology as a Natural Science Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Psychology as a Natural Science Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Cerebral Commissures - Ans:-tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres lateralization of function - Ans:-differences in function between two sides of the brain split-brain patients - Ans:-patients whose corpus callosums have been cut commissurotomy - Ans:-procedure in which the commissural axons of the corpus callosum (and often anterior commissure) are severed such that the cortical regions of the two brain hemispheres cannot communicate; commonly called the "split brain" procedure Paul Broca - Ans:-discovered area in the brain (named for him) in the left frontal lobe responsible for language production Aphasia - Ans:-impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). Broca's Area - Ans:-speech production apraxia - Ans:-impairment of the ability to perform purposeful acts or to use objects properly GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 2/18 dominant hemisphere - Ans:-left hemisphere minor hemisphere - Ans:-right hemisphere sodium amytal test - Ans:-Involves injecting the anesthetic sodium amytal into either the left or right carotid artery in the neck - usually used to determine the dominant language hemisphere prior to brain surgery dichotic listening test - Ans:-Noninvasive test; administered to healthy individuals. 3 pairs of spoken digits are presented through earphones, the digits of each pair are presented simultaneously, one to each ear. dextrals - Ans:-right handed people sinestrals - Ans:-left handed people corpus callosum - Ans:-The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. Roger Sperry - Ans:-like Gazzaniga, studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions scotoma - Ans:-blind spot in vision cross-cuing - Ans:-Nonneural communication between hemispheres that have been separated by commissurotomy. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 3/18 helping-hand phenomenon - Ans:-The redirection of one hand of a split-brain patient by the other hand. visual completion - Ans:-The completion or filling in of a scotoma by the brain. chimeric figures test - Ans:-A test of visual completion in split-brain subject that uses pictures composed of the left and right halves of two different faces Z lens - Ans:-Permits visual input to enter only one hemisphere Zeitgeist - Ans:-the trend or spirit of the times Rene Descartes - Ans:-argued that the universe is composed of 2 elements 1) physical matter and 2) human mind Cartesian Dualism - Ans:-Separation of mind and matter, allowed something to be investigated independently by reason nature-nurture issue - Ans:-the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors ethology - Ans:-study of animal behavior in the wild instinctive behaviors - Ans:-Behaviors that occur in all like members of a species, even when there seems to have been no opportunity for them to have been learned asomatognosia - Ans:-A deficiency in the awareness of parts on one's own body. GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 4/18 natural selection - Ans:-A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. conspecifics - Ans:-members of the same species Chordates - Ans:-an animal phylum that has a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and gill slits at some time in its life cycle vertebrates - Ans:-animals with backbones amphibians - Ans:-A group of vertebrate animals such as toads that do not lay eggs and are ectothermic tetrapods. They undergo metamorphosis. mammals - Ans:-Animals that have hair and produce milk for their young primates - Ans:-An animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings hominins - Ans:-human like species spandrels - Ans:-nonadaptive evolutionary by-prod