Nurs 620 Exam 3- Cardiac and Pulmonary Review Questions and Correct Answers

Decreased lung compliance elderly, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis Emphysema Abnormal permanent enlargement of the gas-exchange airways accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis. Loss of elastic recoil. Asthma Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa. Causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of airways, and variable airflow obstruction- reversible. Episodic attacks of bronchospasm, bronchial inflammation, mucosal edema, and increased mucus production. COPD Airflow limitation that is not always reversible. Usually progressive and associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Risks: Tobacco smoking, occupational dust and chemicals, indoor air pollution from biomass fuel used for cooking and heating, outdoor air pollution, factors affecting gestational lung growth, genetic susceptibility. centrilobular emphysema type of emphysema often associated with chronic bronchitis in which respiratory bronchioles enlarge, the walls are destroyed, and the bronchioles become confluent; characterized by enlargement of air spaces in the proximal part of the acinus, primarily at the level of the respiratory bronchioles. panlobular emphysema Distention of airspaces throughout lobule. Destruction of central respiratory bronchioles and peripheral alveolar sacs and alveoli. Involves lower lobes. Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Airborne/ Droplet. May remain dormant for life or cause active disease. Latent= Asymptomatic. chronic bronchitis a condition in which the bronchi in the lungs are constantly swollen and clogged with mucus. Caused by viruses respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn Occurs in premature infants born before surfactant production and alveolocapillary development are complete. Immature lungs. Widespread atelectasis + hypoventilation. Causes shunting, hypoxemia, alveolar hypoventilation, and hypercapnia.