CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 2 CLEAR
EXPLAINED REVISION SUMMARY
Neoclassical Explanations
Focus on rationality and free will in crime.
Sociological Explanations
Examine external forces affecting crime rates.
The Age of Reason
17th-18th century shift to scientific understanding.
Classical School
First scientific approach to understanding crime.
Cesare Beccaria
Advocated for free will and rational choice.
Pleasure Principle
Behavior guided by maximizing pleasure, avoiding pain.
Jeremy Bentham
Philosopher advocating for proportional punishment.
Positivism
Focus on scientific factors influencing behavior.
Phrenology
, Study of skull shape linked to behavior.
Atavism
Criminals viewed as evolutionary throwbacks.
Biological Inferiority
Theory suggesting innate physical traits cause crime.
Somatology
Body type influences personality and criminality.
Anomie
Normlessness leading to social instability and crime.
Social Disorganization
Breakdown of social bonds increases crime rates.
Collective Conscience
Shared beliefs and values maintain social order.
Robert E. Park
Studied urban crime and social ecology in Chicago.
Concentric Zones
Model explaining urban crime distribution patterns.
Relative Deprivation
Perception of being worse off than others.
Absolute Deprivation
EXPLAINED REVISION SUMMARY
Neoclassical Explanations
Focus on rationality and free will in crime.
Sociological Explanations
Examine external forces affecting crime rates.
The Age of Reason
17th-18th century shift to scientific understanding.
Classical School
First scientific approach to understanding crime.
Cesare Beccaria
Advocated for free will and rational choice.
Pleasure Principle
Behavior guided by maximizing pleasure, avoiding pain.
Jeremy Bentham
Philosopher advocating for proportional punishment.
Positivism
Focus on scientific factors influencing behavior.
Phrenology
, Study of skull shape linked to behavior.
Atavism
Criminals viewed as evolutionary throwbacks.
Biological Inferiority
Theory suggesting innate physical traits cause crime.
Somatology
Body type influences personality and criminality.
Anomie
Normlessness leading to social instability and crime.
Social Disorganization
Breakdown of social bonds increases crime rates.
Collective Conscience
Shared beliefs and values maintain social order.
Robert E. Park
Studied urban crime and social ecology in Chicago.
Concentric Zones
Model explaining urban crime distribution patterns.
Relative Deprivation
Perception of being worse off than others.
Absolute Deprivation
