Test 1 Anatomy & Physiology -
Chapters 1-4 Exam Questions and
Answers
Anatomy defintion - -studies the structure of body parts and their
relationships to one another
- Physiology definition - -concerns the function of the body, how the body
parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities
- positive feedback mechanism - -result or response enhances the original
stimulus so that the response is accelerated. moves in the same direction as
the initial change.
usually control infrequent events that do not require continuous
adjustments. +feedback mechanisms are often referred to as cascades.
examples: blood clotting, birth
- negative feedback mechanism - -causes the variable to change in the
opposite direction to that of the initial change, returning it to its "ideal" value
the endocrine system is important in maintaining homeostasis. a good
example of a hormonal negative feedback mechanism is the control of blood
sugar by insulin. As blood sugar rises, receptors sense the change and the
pancreas (control center) secretes insulin into the blood
goal of neg. feedback system: prevent severe changes within the body
examples: heart rate, blood pressure, rate and depth of breathing, blood
levels of Oxygen, carbon dioxide and minerals
- regional terms - -must know: refer to other quizlet: Regional Terms
Anatomy
- anatomical positon - -body is erect with feet slightly apart, films face
forward and thumbs point away
- directional terms - -help us explain where one body part is in relation to
another
ex: eyes are medial to the ears
head is superior to the abdomen
, - axial - -head neck and trunk
- appendicular - -all limbs
- sagittal plane - -divides body into right or left parts
- frontal plane - -divides the anterior from the posterior
- transverse - -divides the superior from the inferior
- dorsal body cavity - -contains cranial & vertebral cavities
protects the fragile nervous system
- what does the cranial, vertebral cavity contain - -brain, spinal cord
- ventral body cavity - -contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity -
divided by the diaphragm
houses internal organs called the visceral organs
- thoracic cavity - -contains heart and lungs; the pleural cavity envelops a
lung and the pericardial cavity encloses the heart (and also surrounds the
remaining thoracic organs: esophagus, trachea, etc)
- abdominopelvic - -contains the abdominal and pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver etc
pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs and the
rectum
- walls of the ventral body cavity are covered by ________
the part of the membrane lining the walls is _________` - -thin, double
layered membrane called the serous membrane
parietal serosa
- what are the serous membranes separated by - -thin layer of lubricating
fluid called serous fluid -allows the organs to slide without friction
- membranes and where they are associated - -parietal/visceral pericardium
- heart
parietal/visceral pleurae - lungs
parietal peritoneum - abdominopelvic cavity
- oral and digestive cavities - -mouth: teeth and tongue
Chapters 1-4 Exam Questions and
Answers
Anatomy defintion - -studies the structure of body parts and their
relationships to one another
- Physiology definition - -concerns the function of the body, how the body
parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities
- positive feedback mechanism - -result or response enhances the original
stimulus so that the response is accelerated. moves in the same direction as
the initial change.
usually control infrequent events that do not require continuous
adjustments. +feedback mechanisms are often referred to as cascades.
examples: blood clotting, birth
- negative feedback mechanism - -causes the variable to change in the
opposite direction to that of the initial change, returning it to its "ideal" value
the endocrine system is important in maintaining homeostasis. a good
example of a hormonal negative feedback mechanism is the control of blood
sugar by insulin. As blood sugar rises, receptors sense the change and the
pancreas (control center) secretes insulin into the blood
goal of neg. feedback system: prevent severe changes within the body
examples: heart rate, blood pressure, rate and depth of breathing, blood
levels of Oxygen, carbon dioxide and minerals
- regional terms - -must know: refer to other quizlet: Regional Terms
Anatomy
- anatomical positon - -body is erect with feet slightly apart, films face
forward and thumbs point away
- directional terms - -help us explain where one body part is in relation to
another
ex: eyes are medial to the ears
head is superior to the abdomen
, - axial - -head neck and trunk
- appendicular - -all limbs
- sagittal plane - -divides body into right or left parts
- frontal plane - -divides the anterior from the posterior
- transverse - -divides the superior from the inferior
- dorsal body cavity - -contains cranial & vertebral cavities
protects the fragile nervous system
- what does the cranial, vertebral cavity contain - -brain, spinal cord
- ventral body cavity - -contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity -
divided by the diaphragm
houses internal organs called the visceral organs
- thoracic cavity - -contains heart and lungs; the pleural cavity envelops a
lung and the pericardial cavity encloses the heart (and also surrounds the
remaining thoracic organs: esophagus, trachea, etc)
- abdominopelvic - -contains the abdominal and pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver etc
pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs and the
rectum
- walls of the ventral body cavity are covered by ________
the part of the membrane lining the walls is _________` - -thin, double
layered membrane called the serous membrane
parietal serosa
- what are the serous membranes separated by - -thin layer of lubricating
fluid called serous fluid -allows the organs to slide without friction
- membranes and where they are associated - -parietal/visceral pericardium
- heart
parietal/visceral pleurae - lungs
parietal peritoneum - abdominopelvic cavity
- oral and digestive cavities - -mouth: teeth and tongue
