MCAT CELL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS.
Cell Theory - Answers-1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cell is the basic functional unit of life
3) Cells are formed from other cells
4) Cells contain DNA (genetic information)
Are viruses living organisms? - Answers-No. They dont contain DNA (they have RNA),
and they are not able to reproduce on their own (violates 3 and 4 of cell theory)
Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells - Answers-Eu: Nucleus. Pro: No nucleus
Nucleus - Answers--contains all of the necessary information for replication
-surrounded by the nuclear envelope that protects nucleus from cytoplasm
Nucleolus - Answers--makes up 25% of the nucleus
-rRNA synthesis
Mitochondria - Answers--power plant of the cell, provides energy
-outer membrane, inner membrane (cristae), intermembrane space, michondrial matrix
-semi-autonomous - have their own DNA and can replicate through binary fision =
cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance
**RBCs don't have mitochondria - their only source of energy is from glycolysis
Apoptosis - Answers--programmed cell death
-mitchondria can do apoptosis, as well as lysosomes
Lysosomes - Answers--have hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade substrates
-autolysis
Rough ER - Answers--has ribosomes
-place of protein translation
Smooth ER - Answers--no ribosomes
-important for lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs/proteins
-transfer proteins from the RER to the Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus - Answers--packages and modifies the proteins, then sends them to
their corresponding cell part
-if secretory proteins, packaged in secretory granules and released into the blood
stream via exocytosis
, Peroxisomes - Answers--have H2O2 in them
-very important in the B oxidation of fatty acids
Cytoskeleton: 3 Parts - Answers-1) Microfilaments
2) Microtubules
3) Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments - Answers--part of the cytoskeleton
-primary protein is ACTIN
-actin filaments can react with myosin for muscle contraction
-also important in cytokinesis - the cleavage furrow is formed by actin filaments
Microtubules - Answers--part of the cytoskeleton
-primary protein is TUBULIN
-cilia and flagella made of microtubules - 9+2 pattern
-centrioles (form the mitotic spindles) - 9 triplets
-where motor proteins like kinesin and dynein walk on
Intermediate Filaments - Answers--part of cytoskeleton
-important for cell-cell adhesion, anchor organelles, makes the cell rigid
ex- keratin, lamin
4 types of tissue - Answers-1) Epithelial
2) Nervous
3) Connective
4) Muscle
Epithelial Tissue - Answers--covers the bodies, lines its cavities
-epithelial cells are tightly joined together and to an underlying layer of connective tissue
known as the basement membrane
-constitute the PARENCHYMA - the functional parts of the organs
-polarized - one side faces the lumen, other side faces the underlying structures/cells
-simple, strafieid, pseudostratified epithelia
-cuboidal, columner, sqaumous
Connective Tissue - Answers--provides support for the body
-contribute to the STROMA - support structure
ex- bones, cartilage, tendons
-most cells in the connective tissue produce and secrete collagen and elastin
Prokaryotes - Answers--no membrane bound organelles (no mitochondria) or nucleus
-DNA is a circular molecule of DNA - concentrated in the nucleoid region - plasmids:
external DNA
-unicellular
WITH ANSWERS.
Cell Theory - Answers-1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cell is the basic functional unit of life
3) Cells are formed from other cells
4) Cells contain DNA (genetic information)
Are viruses living organisms? - Answers-No. They dont contain DNA (they have RNA),
and they are not able to reproduce on their own (violates 3 and 4 of cell theory)
Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells - Answers-Eu: Nucleus. Pro: No nucleus
Nucleus - Answers--contains all of the necessary information for replication
-surrounded by the nuclear envelope that protects nucleus from cytoplasm
Nucleolus - Answers--makes up 25% of the nucleus
-rRNA synthesis
Mitochondria - Answers--power plant of the cell, provides energy
-outer membrane, inner membrane (cristae), intermembrane space, michondrial matrix
-semi-autonomous - have their own DNA and can replicate through binary fision =
cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance
**RBCs don't have mitochondria - their only source of energy is from glycolysis
Apoptosis - Answers--programmed cell death
-mitchondria can do apoptosis, as well as lysosomes
Lysosomes - Answers--have hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade substrates
-autolysis
Rough ER - Answers--has ribosomes
-place of protein translation
Smooth ER - Answers--no ribosomes
-important for lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs/proteins
-transfer proteins from the RER to the Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus - Answers--packages and modifies the proteins, then sends them to
their corresponding cell part
-if secretory proteins, packaged in secretory granules and released into the blood
stream via exocytosis
, Peroxisomes - Answers--have H2O2 in them
-very important in the B oxidation of fatty acids
Cytoskeleton: 3 Parts - Answers-1) Microfilaments
2) Microtubules
3) Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments - Answers--part of the cytoskeleton
-primary protein is ACTIN
-actin filaments can react with myosin for muscle contraction
-also important in cytokinesis - the cleavage furrow is formed by actin filaments
Microtubules - Answers--part of the cytoskeleton
-primary protein is TUBULIN
-cilia and flagella made of microtubules - 9+2 pattern
-centrioles (form the mitotic spindles) - 9 triplets
-where motor proteins like kinesin and dynein walk on
Intermediate Filaments - Answers--part of cytoskeleton
-important for cell-cell adhesion, anchor organelles, makes the cell rigid
ex- keratin, lamin
4 types of tissue - Answers-1) Epithelial
2) Nervous
3) Connective
4) Muscle
Epithelial Tissue - Answers--covers the bodies, lines its cavities
-epithelial cells are tightly joined together and to an underlying layer of connective tissue
known as the basement membrane
-constitute the PARENCHYMA - the functional parts of the organs
-polarized - one side faces the lumen, other side faces the underlying structures/cells
-simple, strafieid, pseudostratified epithelia
-cuboidal, columner, sqaumous
Connective Tissue - Answers--provides support for the body
-contribute to the STROMA - support structure
ex- bones, cartilage, tendons
-most cells in the connective tissue produce and secrete collagen and elastin
Prokaryotes - Answers--no membrane bound organelles (no mitochondria) or nucleus
-DNA is a circular molecule of DNA - concentrated in the nucleoid region - plasmids:
external DNA
-unicellular
