TEST BANK 7 7
Pathophysiology 7th Edition 7 7
Jacquelyn L. Banasik - ISBN: 9780323761550
7 7 7 7 7
777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,Chapter701:7Introduction7to7Pathophysiology
Banasik:7Pathophysiology,77th7Edition7
MULTIPLE7CHOICE
1. C.Q.7was7recently7exposed7to7group7A7hemolytic7Streptococcus7and7subsequently7developed7
a7pharyngeal7infection.7His7clinic7examination7reveals7an7oral7temperature7of7102.37F,7skin7rash,7dysp
hagia,7and7reddened7throat7mucosa7with7multiple7pustules.7He7complains7of7sore7throat,7malaise,7an
d7joint7stiffness.7A7throat7culture7is7positive7for7Streptococcus,7and7antibiotics7have7been7prescribed.
The7etiology7of7C.Q.’s7disease7is
a. a7sore7throat.
b. streptococcal7infection.
c. genetic7susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:7B
Etiology7refers7to7the7proposed7cause7or7causes7of7a7particular7disease7process.7A7sore7throat7is7the
7manifestation7of7the7disease7process.7Genetic7susceptibility7refers7to7inherited7tendency7to7develo
p7a7disease.7Pharyngitis7refers7to7inflammation7of7the7throat7and7is7also7a7clinical7manifestation7of7t
he7disease7process.
2. A717-year-old7college-
bound7student7receives7a7vaccine7against7an7organism7that7causes7meningitis.7This7is7an7examp
le7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7altering7susceptibility7or7reducing7exposure7for7suscept
ible7individuals7by7providing7vaccination.7Secondary7prevention7is7the7early7detection,7screening,7and7
management7of7the7disease.7Tertiary7prevention7includes7rehabilitative7and7supportive7care7and
,attempts7to7alleviate7disability7and7restore7effective7functioning.7Disease7treatment7involv
es7management7of7the7disease7once7it7has7developed.
3. An7obese7but7otherwise7healthy7teen7is7given7a7prescription7for7a7low-
calorie7diet7and7exercise7program.7This7is7an7example7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7B
Secondary7prevention7is7the7early7detection,7screening,7and7management7of7the7disease7such7
as7prescribing7diet7and7exercise7for7an7individual7who7has7already7developed7obesity.
Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7altering7susceptibility7or7reducing7exposure7for7suscep
tible7individuals.7Tertiary7prevention7includes7rehabilitative7and7supportive7care7and7attempts7to7allevi
ate7disability7and7restore7effective7functioning.7Disease7treatment7involves7management7of7the7diseas
e7once7it7has7developed.
4. A7patient7with7high7blood7pressure7who7is7otherwise7healthy7is7counseled7to7restrict7sodiu
m7intake.7This7is7an7example7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7B
Secondary7prevention7is7the7early7detection,7screening,7and7management7of7the7disease,7such7as7by7p
rescribing7sodium7restriction7for7high7blood7pressure.7Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7
altering7susceptibility7or7reducing7exposure7for7susceptible7individuals.7Tertiary7prevention7includes7re
habilitative7and7supportive7care7and7attempts7to7alleviate7disability7and7restore7effective7functioning.7
Disease7treatment7involves7management7of7the7disease7once7it7has7developed.
, 5. After7suffering7a7heart7attack,7a7middle-aged7man7is7counseled7to7take7a7cholesterol-
lowering7medication.7This7is7an7example7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7C
Tertiary7prevention7includes7rehabilitative7and7supportive7care7and7attempts7to7alleviate7disability7an
d7restore7effective7functioning7such7as7prescribing7a7cholesterol-lowering
medication7following7a7heart7attack.7Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7altering7suscep
tibility7or7reducing7expUosuSre7fNor7sTusceptibOle7individuals.7Secondary7prevention7is7the
early7detection,7screening,7and7management7of7the7disease.7Disease7treatment7involves7management7
of7the7disease7once7it7has7developed.
6. A7patient7has7been7exposed7to7meningococcal7meningitis,7but7is7not7yet7demonstrating7signs7
of7this7disease.7This7stage7of7illness7is7called7the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence7
ANS:7B
Incubation7refers7to7the7interval7between7exposure7of7a7tissue7to7an7injurious7agent7and7the7first7appe
arance7of7signs7and7symptoms.7In7infectious7diseases,7this7period7is7often7called7the7incubation7(latent)
7period.7Prodromal7refers7to7the7appearance7of7the7first7signs7and7symptoms7indicating7the7onset7of7a7
disease.7These7are7often7nonspecific,7such7as7headache,7malaise,7anorexia,7and7nausea,7which7are7asso
ciated7with7a7number7of7different7diseases.
Sequela7refers7to7subsequent7pathologic7condition7resulting7from7a7disease.7Convalescence7is7the7sta
ge7of7recovery7after7a7disease,7injury,7or7surgical7operation.
7. A7disease7that7is7native7to7a7particular7region7is7called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
Pathophysiology 7th Edition 7 7
Jacquelyn L. Banasik - ISBN: 9780323761550
7 7 7 7 7
777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,Chapter701:7Introduction7to7Pathophysiology
Banasik:7Pathophysiology,77th7Edition7
MULTIPLE7CHOICE
1. C.Q.7was7recently7exposed7to7group7A7hemolytic7Streptococcus7and7subsequently7developed7
a7pharyngeal7infection.7His7clinic7examination7reveals7an7oral7temperature7of7102.37F,7skin7rash,7dysp
hagia,7and7reddened7throat7mucosa7with7multiple7pustules.7He7complains7of7sore7throat,7malaise,7an
d7joint7stiffness.7A7throat7culture7is7positive7for7Streptococcus,7and7antibiotics7have7been7prescribed.
The7etiology7of7C.Q.’s7disease7is
a. a7sore7throat.
b. streptococcal7infection.
c. genetic7susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:7B
Etiology7refers7to7the7proposed7cause7or7causes7of7a7particular7disease7process.7A7sore7throat7is7the
7manifestation7of7the7disease7process.7Genetic7susceptibility7refers7to7inherited7tendency7to7develo
p7a7disease.7Pharyngitis7refers7to7inflammation7of7the7throat7and7is7also7a7clinical7manifestation7of7t
he7disease7process.
2. A717-year-old7college-
bound7student7receives7a7vaccine7against7an7organism7that7causes7meningitis.7This7is7an7examp
le7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7altering7susceptibility7or7reducing7exposure7for7suscept
ible7individuals7by7providing7vaccination.7Secondary7prevention7is7the7early7detection,7screening,7and7
management7of7the7disease.7Tertiary7prevention7includes7rehabilitative7and7supportive7care7and
,attempts7to7alleviate7disability7and7restore7effective7functioning.7Disease7treatment7involv
es7management7of7the7disease7once7it7has7developed.
3. An7obese7but7otherwise7healthy7teen7is7given7a7prescription7for7a7low-
calorie7diet7and7exercise7program.7This7is7an7example7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7B
Secondary7prevention7is7the7early7detection,7screening,7and7management7of7the7disease7such7
as7prescribing7diet7and7exercise7for7an7individual7who7has7already7developed7obesity.
Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7altering7susceptibility7or7reducing7exposure7for7suscep
tible7individuals.7Tertiary7prevention7includes7rehabilitative7and7supportive7care7and7attempts7to7allevi
ate7disability7and7restore7effective7functioning.7Disease7treatment7involves7management7of7the7diseas
e7once7it7has7developed.
4. A7patient7with7high7blood7pressure7who7is7otherwise7healthy7is7counseled7to7restrict7sodiu
m7intake.7This7is7an7example7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7B
Secondary7prevention7is7the7early7detection,7screening,7and7management7of7the7disease,7such7as7by7p
rescribing7sodium7restriction7for7high7blood7pressure.7Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7
altering7susceptibility7or7reducing7exposure7for7susceptible7individuals.7Tertiary7prevention7includes7re
habilitative7and7supportive7care7and7attempts7to7alleviate7disability7and7restore7effective7functioning.7
Disease7treatment7involves7management7of7the7disease7once7it7has7developed.
, 5. After7suffering7a7heart7attack,7a7middle-aged7man7is7counseled7to7take7a7cholesterol-
lowering7medication.7This7is7an7example7of
a. primary7prevention.
b. secondary7prevention.
c. tertiary7prevention.
d. disease7treatment
.7ANS:7C
Tertiary7prevention7includes7rehabilitative7and7supportive7care7and7attempts7to7alleviate7disability7an
d7restore7effective7functioning7such7as7prescribing7a7cholesterol-lowering
medication7following7a7heart7attack.7Primary7prevention7is7prevention7of7disease7by7altering7suscep
tibility7or7reducing7expUosuSre7fNor7sTusceptibOle7individuals.7Secondary7prevention7is7the
early7detection,7screening,7and7management7of7the7disease.7Disease7treatment7involves7management7
of7the7disease7once7it7has7developed.
6. A7patient7has7been7exposed7to7meningococcal7meningitis,7but7is7not7yet7demonstrating7signs7
of7this7disease.7This7stage7of7illness7is7called7the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence7
ANS:7B
Incubation7refers7to7the7interval7between7exposure7of7a7tissue7to7an7injurious7agent7and7the7first7appe
arance7of7signs7and7symptoms.7In7infectious7diseases,7this7period7is7often7called7the7incubation7(latent)
7period.7Prodromal7refers7to7the7appearance7of7the7first7signs7and7symptoms7indicating7the7onset7of7a7
disease.7These7are7often7nonspecific,7such7as7headache,7malaise,7anorexia,7and7nausea,7which7are7asso
ciated7with7a7number7of7different7diseases.
Sequela7refers7to7subsequent7pathologic7condition7resulting7from7a7disease.7Convalescence7is7the7sta
ge7of7recovery7after7a7disease,7injury,7or7surgical7operation.
7. A7disease7that7is7native7to7a7particular7region7is7called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
