SPCE 609 SIMPLIFIED SUMMARY
GOOD FOR EXAM REVISION
AB design
A format for graphing single-subject data that allows for
monitoring behavior change. The ______________ has two
phases: baseline (A) and treatment (B). This design cannot
demonstrate a functional relation between dependent and
independent variables because it does not include a replication
of the effect of the independent variable.
ABAB design
An extension of the AB design in which the independent
variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. also known as
reversal design
Accountability
In education, the assessment of students' progress on a regular
basis and the publication of this assessment—as well as goals,
objectives and procedures—to parents, school administrators,
and other parties with a right to the information.
alternating treatments design
A single-subject design that allows comparison of the
effectiveness of two or more treatments. It differs from other
single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes including
,baseline) are alternated randomly rather than presented
sequentially (also known as multiple schedule design, multi-
element baseline design, alternating conditions design).
antecedent stimulus
A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may
not serve as discriminative for a specific behavior.
applied behavior analysis
Systematic application of behavioral principles to change
socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree. Research
tools enable users of these principles to verify a functional
relation between a behavior and an intervention
aversive stimulus
A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior
when presented as a consequence; as such, it is a type of
punisher. Alternatively, an _________________ may increase
the rate or probability of a behavior when removed as a
consequence; as such, it is a negative reinforcer.
backup reinforcer
An object or event received in exchange for a specific number
of tokens, points, etc.
baseline data
Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior.
Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior before
, intervention. ________________serve a purpose similar to that
of a pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the
results of an intervention procedure can be compared.
Behavior
Any observable and measurable act of an individual (also called
a response).
behavioral objective
A statement that communicates a proposed change in behavior.
A behavioral objective must include statements concerning the
learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the behavior
will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation.
Chaining
An instructional procedure that reinforces individual responses
in sequence, forming a complex behavior
changing conditions design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively
changing the conditions for response performance in order to
evaluate comparative effects. This design does not demonstrate
a functional relation between variables. Also called ABC design.
changing criterion design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively
changing the criterion for reinforcement. The criterion is
systematically increased or decreased in a stepwise manner.
GOOD FOR EXAM REVISION
AB design
A format for graphing single-subject data that allows for
monitoring behavior change. The ______________ has two
phases: baseline (A) and treatment (B). This design cannot
demonstrate a functional relation between dependent and
independent variables because it does not include a replication
of the effect of the independent variable.
ABAB design
An extension of the AB design in which the independent
variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. also known as
reversal design
Accountability
In education, the assessment of students' progress on a regular
basis and the publication of this assessment—as well as goals,
objectives and procedures—to parents, school administrators,
and other parties with a right to the information.
alternating treatments design
A single-subject design that allows comparison of the
effectiveness of two or more treatments. It differs from other
single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes including
,baseline) are alternated randomly rather than presented
sequentially (also known as multiple schedule design, multi-
element baseline design, alternating conditions design).
antecedent stimulus
A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may
not serve as discriminative for a specific behavior.
applied behavior analysis
Systematic application of behavioral principles to change
socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree. Research
tools enable users of these principles to verify a functional
relation between a behavior and an intervention
aversive stimulus
A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior
when presented as a consequence; as such, it is a type of
punisher. Alternatively, an _________________ may increase
the rate or probability of a behavior when removed as a
consequence; as such, it is a negative reinforcer.
backup reinforcer
An object or event received in exchange for a specific number
of tokens, points, etc.
baseline data
Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior.
Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior before
, intervention. ________________serve a purpose similar to that
of a pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the
results of an intervention procedure can be compared.
Behavior
Any observable and measurable act of an individual (also called
a response).
behavioral objective
A statement that communicates a proposed change in behavior.
A behavioral objective must include statements concerning the
learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the behavior
will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation.
Chaining
An instructional procedure that reinforces individual responses
in sequence, forming a complex behavior
changing conditions design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively
changing the conditions for response performance in order to
evaluate comparative effects. This design does not demonstrate
a functional relation between variables. Also called ABC design.
changing criterion design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively
changing the criterion for reinforcement. The criterion is
systematically increased or decreased in a stepwise manner.
