SPCE RECOMMENDED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR
REVISION
AB design
A format for graphing single-subject data that allows for
monitoring behavior change. The ________ has two phases:
baseline and treatment. This design cannot demonstrate a
functional relation between dependent and independent
variables because it does not include a replication of the effect
of the independent variable.
ABAB design
________ is an extension of the AB design in which the
independent variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. This
reversal design can demonstrate a functional relation between
dependent and independent variables.
abscissa
The horizontal or x axis of a graph. The time dimension
(sessions) is represented along the ________
accountability
The assessment of students' progress on a regular basis and the
publication of this assessment, as well as goals, objectives, and
,procedures, to parents, school administrators, and other parties
with a right to the information is called ________
acquisition
________ is the basic level of student response competence. It
implies the student's ability to perform a newly learned
response to some criterion of accuracy.
alternating treatments design
________ is a single-subject design that allows comparison of
the effectiveness of two or more treatments. It differs from
other single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes
including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than
presented sequentially (also known as multiple schedule
design, multi-element baseline design, alternating conditions
design).
antecedent stimulus
A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may
not serve as discriminative for a specific behavior is called
________
applied behavior analysis
________ is the systematic application of behavioral principles
to change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree.
Research tools enable users of these principles to verify a
functional relation between a behavior and an intervention.
aversive stimulus
, A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior
when presented as a consequence; as such, it is a type of
punisher. Alternatively, an ________ may increase the rate or
probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as
such, it is a negative reinforcer.
backup reinforcer
An object or event received in exchange for a specific number
of tokens, points, etc. is called a ________
bar graph
A ________ is a graph that employs vertical bars rather than
horizontal lines to indicate levels of performance (also called a
histogram).
baseline data
Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior.
Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior before
intervention. ________ serve a purpose similar to that of a
pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the results
of an intervention procedure can be compared.
behavior
________ is any observable and measurable act of an individual
(also called a response).
behavioral objective
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR
REVISION
AB design
A format for graphing single-subject data that allows for
monitoring behavior change. The ________ has two phases:
baseline and treatment. This design cannot demonstrate a
functional relation between dependent and independent
variables because it does not include a replication of the effect
of the independent variable.
ABAB design
________ is an extension of the AB design in which the
independent variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. This
reversal design can demonstrate a functional relation between
dependent and independent variables.
abscissa
The horizontal or x axis of a graph. The time dimension
(sessions) is represented along the ________
accountability
The assessment of students' progress on a regular basis and the
publication of this assessment, as well as goals, objectives, and
,procedures, to parents, school administrators, and other parties
with a right to the information is called ________
acquisition
________ is the basic level of student response competence. It
implies the student's ability to perform a newly learned
response to some criterion of accuracy.
alternating treatments design
________ is a single-subject design that allows comparison of
the effectiveness of two or more treatments. It differs from
other single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes
including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than
presented sequentially (also known as multiple schedule
design, multi-element baseline design, alternating conditions
design).
antecedent stimulus
A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may
not serve as discriminative for a specific behavior is called
________
applied behavior analysis
________ is the systematic application of behavioral principles
to change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree.
Research tools enable users of these principles to verify a
functional relation between a behavior and an intervention.
aversive stimulus
, A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior
when presented as a consequence; as such, it is a type of
punisher. Alternatively, an ________ may increase the rate or
probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as
such, it is a negative reinforcer.
backup reinforcer
An object or event received in exchange for a specific number
of tokens, points, etc. is called a ________
bar graph
A ________ is a graph that employs vertical bars rather than
horizontal lines to indicate levels of performance (also called a
histogram).
baseline data
Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior.
Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior before
intervention. ________ serve a purpose similar to that of a
pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the results
of an intervention procedure can be compared.
behavior
________ is any observable and measurable act of an individual
(also called a response).
behavioral objective
