SPCE EXAM 2 REVISION SUMMARY
A-B Design (chapter 7)
A two-phase experiment consisting of a pretreatment baseline
condition followed by a treatment condition
Affirmation of the Consequent (chapter 7)
A three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true
antecedent-consequent (if-A-then-B) statement and proceeds
as follows: (1) If A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be
true; (3) therefore, A is true. Although other factors could be
responsible for the truthfulness of A, a sound experiment
affirms several if-A-then-B possibilities, each one reducing the
likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being
responsible for the observed changes in behavior.
Ascending Baseline (chapter 7)
Data that shows an increasing trend in the response measure
over time.
Baseline (chapter 7)
A control condition; does not necessarily mean the absence of
instruction/treatment, only the absence of the independent
variable of experimental interest
Baseline Logic (chapter 7)
,Steady state responding enables a form of inductive reasoning
called baseline logic. Baseline logic entails three elements:
prediction, verification, and replication
Confounding Variable (chapter 7)
A factor that exerts unknown or uncontrolled influences on the
dependent variable
Dependent Variable (chapter 7)
A measurable dimensional quantity of the target behavior
Descending Baseline (chapter 7)
Data that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure
over time
Experimental Control (chapter 7)
when a predictable change in behavior (the dependent
variable) is reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of
some aspect of the environment (the independent variable).
Experimental Design (chapter 7)
A design in which researchers manipulate an independent
variable and measure a dependent variable to determine a
cause-and-effect relationship
External Validity (chapter 7)
The degree to which a study's results are generalizable too
other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors
, Extraneous Variable (chapter 7)
any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held
constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation
Independent Variable (chapter 7)
The particular aspect of the environment that the experimenter
manipulates to find out whether it affects the subject's
behavior
Internal Validity (chapter 7)
The degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due
to the manipulation of the independent variable
Parametric Analysis (chapter 7)
Seeks to discover the differential effects of a range of values of
the independent variable.
Practice Effects (chapter 7)
Improvements in performance resulting from repeated
opportunities to emit the behavior so that baseline
measurements can be obtained
Prediction (chapter 7)
The anticipated outcome of a presently unknown or future
measurement. It is the most elegant use of quantification upon
which validation of all scientific and technological activity rests.
Research Question (chapter 7)
A-B Design (chapter 7)
A two-phase experiment consisting of a pretreatment baseline
condition followed by a treatment condition
Affirmation of the Consequent (chapter 7)
A three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true
antecedent-consequent (if-A-then-B) statement and proceeds
as follows: (1) If A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be
true; (3) therefore, A is true. Although other factors could be
responsible for the truthfulness of A, a sound experiment
affirms several if-A-then-B possibilities, each one reducing the
likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being
responsible for the observed changes in behavior.
Ascending Baseline (chapter 7)
Data that shows an increasing trend in the response measure
over time.
Baseline (chapter 7)
A control condition; does not necessarily mean the absence of
instruction/treatment, only the absence of the independent
variable of experimental interest
Baseline Logic (chapter 7)
,Steady state responding enables a form of inductive reasoning
called baseline logic. Baseline logic entails three elements:
prediction, verification, and replication
Confounding Variable (chapter 7)
A factor that exerts unknown or uncontrolled influences on the
dependent variable
Dependent Variable (chapter 7)
A measurable dimensional quantity of the target behavior
Descending Baseline (chapter 7)
Data that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure
over time
Experimental Control (chapter 7)
when a predictable change in behavior (the dependent
variable) is reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of
some aspect of the environment (the independent variable).
Experimental Design (chapter 7)
A design in which researchers manipulate an independent
variable and measure a dependent variable to determine a
cause-and-effect relationship
External Validity (chapter 7)
The degree to which a study's results are generalizable too
other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors
, Extraneous Variable (chapter 7)
any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held
constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation
Independent Variable (chapter 7)
The particular aspect of the environment that the experimenter
manipulates to find out whether it affects the subject's
behavior
Internal Validity (chapter 7)
The degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due
to the manipulation of the independent variable
Parametric Analysis (chapter 7)
Seeks to discover the differential effects of a range of values of
the independent variable.
Practice Effects (chapter 7)
Improvements in performance resulting from repeated
opportunities to emit the behavior so that baseline
measurements can be obtained
Prediction (chapter 7)
The anticipated outcome of a presently unknown or future
measurement. It is the most elegant use of quantification upon
which validation of all scientific and technological activity rests.
Research Question (chapter 7)
