The Biology of Behaviour and Consciousness Exam with Questions and Answers

The Biology of Behaviour and Consciousness Exam with Questions and Answers How do biology and experience together enable neuroplasticity? ANSWER Everything psychological is simultaneously biological. e links between biology and behavior are a key part of the biopsychosocial approach. Our brain's neuroplasticity allows us to build new neural pathways as we adjust to new experiences. Our brain is a work in progress. It changes with the focus and practice we devote to new things, as well as with our exposure to the traditions, beliefs, and rituals of our cultures. Neuroplasticity is strongest in childhood, but it continues throughout life. What are the parts of a neuron, and what is an action potential? ANSWER Neurons (nerve cells), the basic building blocks of the nervous system, consist of a cell body and its branching fibers. A neuron has dendrites (extensions of the cell body) that receive and integrate messages, and an axon that sends messages to other neurons or to muscles and glands. Some axons are encased in a myelin sheath, which enables faster communication. Glial cells provide myelin, and they support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory. An action potential is a nerve impulse -- a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. How do neurons communicate? ANSWER Neurons transmit information in a chemistry-to-electricity process, sending action potentials down their axons. They receive incoming excitatory or inhibitory signals through their dendrites and cell body.