NUR2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final Exam
1. Which hormone raises blood sugar?
glucagon
2. S/S of fluid overload
rapid/bounding pulse, distended neck veins, cough, SOB, crackles, restlessness
3. What is osmosis?
diffusion of water
4. What are normal pH values?
7.35-7.45
5. A patient is admitted into the hospital with hives and red swollen skin, what chemicals
are being released to result in this response?
Histamines, Prostaglandins, and Leukotrienes
6. What is the systemic effect of inflammation?
fever
7. A vaccine is what type of immunity?
Active acquired immunity
8. What are the key differences between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign is non spreading, in abundance, and slow growing
Malignant are spreading in different areas, rapidly, and looks distorted
,9. What are the three steps of carcinogenesis?
initiation, promotion, progression
10. What are the characteristics of a third-degree burn?
No pain is felt because nerve endings are burnt already, black and charred
11. What are common changes of skin in the elderly?
Thin skin, lack of subcutaneous tissue and elasticity, fragile, skin takes longer to heal
12. What disease is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D in adults and kids?
Osteomalacia in adults, Rickets in children
13. What is a cardinal sign of rickets?
Bowlegged
14. What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments, and a strain is a stretching or tearing of
muscle or tendon
15. What is scoliosis?
lateral curvature of the spine
16. What body systems does scoliosis affect?
Musculoskeletal and respiratory systems
17. Explain the differences in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis is from wear and tear, deterioration, it becomes inflamed at the end,
unilateral
, Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, joints become inflamed, bilateral
18. H. pylori causes what?
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
19. Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
gastroenteritis
20. What is gastroenteritis caused by?
Food allergy or infection
21. If the patient is manifesting with a distended abdomen with yellow skin and eyes, what
is going on?
Liver issues and jaundice
22. What are clinical manifestations of appendicitis?
LRQ pain, fever, and vomiting
23. What is meningitis?
inflammation of the meninges
24. What is a CVA?
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
25. Parkinson's disease patients are lacking what chemicals in their brain?
Dopamine
1. Which hormone raises blood sugar?
glucagon
2. S/S of fluid overload
rapid/bounding pulse, distended neck veins, cough, SOB, crackles, restlessness
3. What is osmosis?
diffusion of water
4. What are normal pH values?
7.35-7.45
5. A patient is admitted into the hospital with hives and red swollen skin, what chemicals
are being released to result in this response?
Histamines, Prostaglandins, and Leukotrienes
6. What is the systemic effect of inflammation?
fever
7. A vaccine is what type of immunity?
Active acquired immunity
8. What are the key differences between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign is non spreading, in abundance, and slow growing
Malignant are spreading in different areas, rapidly, and looks distorted
,9. What are the three steps of carcinogenesis?
initiation, promotion, progression
10. What are the characteristics of a third-degree burn?
No pain is felt because nerve endings are burnt already, black and charred
11. What are common changes of skin in the elderly?
Thin skin, lack of subcutaneous tissue and elasticity, fragile, skin takes longer to heal
12. What disease is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D in adults and kids?
Osteomalacia in adults, Rickets in children
13. What is a cardinal sign of rickets?
Bowlegged
14. What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments, and a strain is a stretching or tearing of
muscle or tendon
15. What is scoliosis?
lateral curvature of the spine
16. What body systems does scoliosis affect?
Musculoskeletal and respiratory systems
17. Explain the differences in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis is from wear and tear, deterioration, it becomes inflamed at the end,
unilateral
, Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, joints become inflamed, bilateral
18. H. pylori causes what?
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
19. Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
gastroenteritis
20. What is gastroenteritis caused by?
Food allergy or infection
21. If the patient is manifesting with a distended abdomen with yellow skin and eyes, what
is going on?
Liver issues and jaundice
22. What are clinical manifestations of appendicitis?
LRQ pain, fever, and vomiting
23. What is meningitis?
inflammation of the meninges
24. What is a CVA?
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
25. Parkinson's disease patients are lacking what chemicals in their brain?
Dopamine
