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Introduction Medical procedures such as laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, tracheostomy, chest intubation, and incentives are day to day procedures in the health et up. This paper provides a clear concise overview of each procedure, explaining its purpose techniques involved and any associated risks or complications Bronchoscopy A bronchoscopy is an endoscopic medical procedure that is used to look inside the airways and the lungs. It involves inserting a bronchoscope which is a narrow tube that has a light and a camera on one end through the nose or mouth and guiding it down through the truck here in order to get an interval view of the respiratory system. It may be done to diagnosis or condition such as lung cancer or infection or to treat a medical problems such as a foreign object that slowly in the airways. How the Test is Performed A bronchoscope is a device used to see the inside of the airways and lungs. The scope can be flexible or rigid. A flexible scope is almost always used. It is a tube less than one half inch (1 centimeter) wide and about 2 feet (60 centimeters) long. In rare cases, a rigid bronchoscope is used. i. Medicines are administered through a vein (IV, or intravenously) to help the patient relax. Or, they may be asleep under general anesthesia, especially if a rigid scope is used. ii. A numbing drug (anesthetic) will be sprayed in the patients mouth and throat. If bronchoscopy is done through the nose, numbing jelly will be placed in the nostril the tube goes through. iii. The scope is gently inserted. It will likely make the patient cough at first. The coughing will stop as the numbing drug begins to work. iv. The health care provider may send saline solution through the tube. This washes the lungs and allows the health care provider to collect samples of lung cells, fluids, microbes and other materials inside the air sacs. This part of the procedure is called a lavage.

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Respiratory
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,Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3
Bronchoscopy ................................................................................................................. 3
How the Test is Performed ........................................................................................... 3
How to Prepare for bronchoscopy ............................................................................... 4
During The procedure .................................................................................................. 5
Why bronchoscopy is performed ................................................................................. 5
Results for Bronchoscopy ............................................................................................ 6
Risks of the test ........................................................................................................... 7
Laryngoscopy .................................................................................................................. 7
How the test is performed ............................................................................................ 7
How to prepare for the test .......................................................................................... 8
Why the test is performed ............................................................................................ 8
Results for the test ....................................................................................................... 9
Risks associted with the test ........................................................................................ 9
Considerations for the test ......................................................................................... 10
Tracheostomy................................................................................................................ 10
Procedure Details ...................................................................................................... 10
Risks / Benefits .......................................................................................................... 11
Chest Intubation ............................................................................................................ 12
Why the procedure is performed ............................................................................... 12
How the procedure is performed ............................................................................... 12
Risks of the procedure ............................................................................................... 13
What happens after the procedure ............................................................................ 14
Spirometry ..................................................................................................................... 14
Spirometry Measurements: ........................................................................................ 15
How spirometry is performed ..................................................................................... 15
Clinical Presentation: ................................................................................................. 16
Reasons for Conducting Spirometry .......................................................................... 16
Common Risks and Discomforts................................................................................ 17
Incentive Spirometry...................................................................................................... 18

1

, How to use an incentive spirometer .............................................................................. 18
How to measure the results from an incentive spirometer............................................. 19
Typical range for someone using an incentive spirometer ......................................... 19
Who needs an incentive spirometer........................................................................... 19
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 22
Reference...................................................................................................................... 23

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