TEST BANK FOUNDATIONS OF MATERNAL
NEWBORN AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
NURSING 8TH EDITION (MURRAY, 2024)
CHAPTER 1-28 | ALL CHAPTERS
,case management - a process of assessment, planning, application, coordination, follow-up, and
evaluation of the options and services required to meet an individual's health needs through
communication and available resources to promote quality cost-effective results
certified nurse midwife (CNM) - has postgraduate training in the care of normal pregnancy and
childbirth and is certified by the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM)
cultural competence - is the ability to apply knowledge about a client's culture so that the health
care provided can be adapted to meet her needs
culture - is a view of the world and a set of traditions that are used by a specific social group and
are transmitted to the next generation
doula - a birth assistant who provides emotional, physical, and educational support to the woman
and family during childbirth and the postpartum period
evidence-based nursing practice - involves the use of research to establish a plan of care and to
implement that care
is a problem-solving approach to making nursing clinical decisions
family - the basic social unit of our society
family-centered care - is the delivery of safe, satisfying, high-quality health care that focuses on
and adapts to the physical and psychosocial needs of the family
fetal mortality rate - fetal death rate refers to the intrauterine death of a fetus at 20 weeks or more
of gestation per 1,000 live births
,infant mortality rate - is the number of deaths occurring in the first 12 months of life
informed consent - is an agreement by a client to undergo an operation or medical treatment or
take part in a clinical trial after being informed of and having understood the risks involved
maternal mortality ratio - is the annual number of female deaths from any cause related to or
aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) during
pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the
duration and site of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births, for a specified year
mortality - is the incidence or number of individuals who have died over a specific period
neonatal mortality rate - is the number of infant deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per
1,000 live births
1700s - *Men did not attend births because is was considered indecent
*Women faced birth , not with joy and ecstasy, but with fear of death
*Female midwives attended the majority of all births at home
1800s - *There is a shift from using midwives to doctors among middle-class women
*The word obstetrician was formed from the Latin, meaning "to stand before"
*Puerperal (childbed) fever was occurring in epidemic proportions
*Louis Pasteur demonstrated that streptococci were the major cause of puerperal fever that was
killing mothers after delivery
*The first cesarean section was performed in Boston in 1894
*The x-ray was developed in 1895 and was used to assess pelvic size for birthing purposes
1900s - *Twilight sleep (a heavy dose off narcotics and amnesiacs) was used on women during
childbirth in the United States
*The United States was the 17th out of 20 nations in infant mortality rates
, *Fifty to 75% of all women gave births in hospital by 1940
*Nurseries were started because moms could not care for their baby for several days after
receiving chloroform gas
*In 1933 Dr. Grantley Dick-Reed wrote a book entitled Childbirth Without Fear that reduced the
"fear-tension-pain" cycle women experienced during labor and birth
*In 1984 Dr. Fernand Lamaze wrote a book entitled Painless Childbirth: The Lamaze Method
that advocated distraction and relaxation techniques to minimize the perception pf pain
*Amniocentesis was first performed to assess fetal growth in 1966
*In the 1970s the cesarean section rate was about 5%. By 2000 it rose to 34%, where it stands
currently
*In the 1970s and 1980s saw a growing trend to return birthing black to the basics-
nonmedicated, nonintervening childbirth
*In the late 1900s, freestanding birthing centers-LDRPs-were designed, and the number of home
births began to increase
2000s - *One in three women undergo a surgical birth (cesarean)
*CNMs once again assist couples at home, in hospitals, or in freestanding facilities with natural
childbirths. Research shows that midwives are the safest birth attendants for most women, with
lower infant mortality and maternal rates, and fewer invasive interventions such as episiotomies
and cesareans
*Childbirth classes of every flavor abound in most communities
*According to the latest available data, the United States ranks 50th in the world of maternal
deaths. The maternal mortality rate is approximately 11 in 100,000 live births
*According to the latest available data, the United States ranks 41st in the world in infant
mortality rates. The infant mortality rate is approximately 6 in 1,000 live births
These are the basic principles of family-centered care: - *Childbirth is considered a normal,
healthy event in the life of a family
*Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change
*Families are capable of making decisions about their own care if given adequate information
and professional support
NEWBORN AND WOMEN’S HEALTH
NURSING 8TH EDITION (MURRAY, 2024)
CHAPTER 1-28 | ALL CHAPTERS
,case management - a process of assessment, planning, application, coordination, follow-up, and
evaluation of the options and services required to meet an individual's health needs through
communication and available resources to promote quality cost-effective results
certified nurse midwife (CNM) - has postgraduate training in the care of normal pregnancy and
childbirth and is certified by the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM)
cultural competence - is the ability to apply knowledge about a client's culture so that the health
care provided can be adapted to meet her needs
culture - is a view of the world and a set of traditions that are used by a specific social group and
are transmitted to the next generation
doula - a birth assistant who provides emotional, physical, and educational support to the woman
and family during childbirth and the postpartum period
evidence-based nursing practice - involves the use of research to establish a plan of care and to
implement that care
is a problem-solving approach to making nursing clinical decisions
family - the basic social unit of our society
family-centered care - is the delivery of safe, satisfying, high-quality health care that focuses on
and adapts to the physical and psychosocial needs of the family
fetal mortality rate - fetal death rate refers to the intrauterine death of a fetus at 20 weeks or more
of gestation per 1,000 live births
,infant mortality rate - is the number of deaths occurring in the first 12 months of life
informed consent - is an agreement by a client to undergo an operation or medical treatment or
take part in a clinical trial after being informed of and having understood the risks involved
maternal mortality ratio - is the annual number of female deaths from any cause related to or
aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) during
pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the
duration and site of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births, for a specified year
mortality - is the incidence or number of individuals who have died over a specific period
neonatal mortality rate - is the number of infant deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per
1,000 live births
1700s - *Men did not attend births because is was considered indecent
*Women faced birth , not with joy and ecstasy, but with fear of death
*Female midwives attended the majority of all births at home
1800s - *There is a shift from using midwives to doctors among middle-class women
*The word obstetrician was formed from the Latin, meaning "to stand before"
*Puerperal (childbed) fever was occurring in epidemic proportions
*Louis Pasteur demonstrated that streptococci were the major cause of puerperal fever that was
killing mothers after delivery
*The first cesarean section was performed in Boston in 1894
*The x-ray was developed in 1895 and was used to assess pelvic size for birthing purposes
1900s - *Twilight sleep (a heavy dose off narcotics and amnesiacs) was used on women during
childbirth in the United States
*The United States was the 17th out of 20 nations in infant mortality rates
, *Fifty to 75% of all women gave births in hospital by 1940
*Nurseries were started because moms could not care for their baby for several days after
receiving chloroform gas
*In 1933 Dr. Grantley Dick-Reed wrote a book entitled Childbirth Without Fear that reduced the
"fear-tension-pain" cycle women experienced during labor and birth
*In 1984 Dr. Fernand Lamaze wrote a book entitled Painless Childbirth: The Lamaze Method
that advocated distraction and relaxation techniques to minimize the perception pf pain
*Amniocentesis was first performed to assess fetal growth in 1966
*In the 1970s the cesarean section rate was about 5%. By 2000 it rose to 34%, where it stands
currently
*In the 1970s and 1980s saw a growing trend to return birthing black to the basics-
nonmedicated, nonintervening childbirth
*In the late 1900s, freestanding birthing centers-LDRPs-were designed, and the number of home
births began to increase
2000s - *One in three women undergo a surgical birth (cesarean)
*CNMs once again assist couples at home, in hospitals, or in freestanding facilities with natural
childbirths. Research shows that midwives are the safest birth attendants for most women, with
lower infant mortality and maternal rates, and fewer invasive interventions such as episiotomies
and cesareans
*Childbirth classes of every flavor abound in most communities
*According to the latest available data, the United States ranks 50th in the world of maternal
deaths. The maternal mortality rate is approximately 11 in 100,000 live births
*According to the latest available data, the United States ranks 41st in the world in infant
mortality rates. The infant mortality rate is approximately 6 in 1,000 live births
These are the basic principles of family-centered care: - *Childbirth is considered a normal,
healthy event in the life of a family
*Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change
*Families are capable of making decisions about their own care if given adequate information
and professional support
