ANPH Exam 5 (Answered) Questions
and Correct Answers, 100% Correct.
2024/2025.
What are the functions of the excretory system?
Maintenance of inorganic solute levels
Maintenance of plasma water volume
Removal of waste
Maintenance of osmotic balance
What excretory organs do simple aquatic animals have?
Diffusion and membrane transporters
What excretory organs do complex aquatic animals have?
Excretory tissues and transport epithelia
What excretory organs do large aquatic and all terrestrial animals have?
Specialized tubules lined with transport epithelia
What nitrogenous wastes are secreted via excretory system?
Ammonia, urea, uric acid
Nitrogenous waster is the result from...
The metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids
Who secretes ammonia?
Most aquatic animals
Who secretes urea?
Most terrestrial
Who secretes uric acid?
Insects, reptiles and birds
When epithelia is transported, positively charged Na attracts what?
Cl-
What is the urine forming organ in vertebrates?
Kidneys
What does urine drain into from kidney?
2 ureters
, What do ureters empty into?
Urinary bladder
What are the four processes involved in excretion starting in the kidney?
Filtration, secretion, reabsorption and osmoconcentration
What is the glomerulus?
Capillaries at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney that remove metabolic waste from the blood
Which direction does filtration go?
Blood circulation to kidney
Which direction does reabsorption go?
Kidney to blood circulation
How does the filtration process go?
Metabolic, nitrogenous waster is in the blood and is transported to the kidney via blood capillaries
called glomerulus and then is excreted
What does Bowman's capsule do?
It removes filtrate from the blood
How many layers of the molecular sieve are there?
3; glomerular capillary wall, basement membrane and inner layer of Bowman's capsule
What type of process is filtration?
Extracellular
What are the driving forces of glomerular filtration?
Glomerular capillary blood pressure (attracts blood and favors filtration), plasma colloid osmotic
pressure (binds plasma, restricts movement and opposes filtration), Bowman's capsule hydrostatic
pressure (does not allow metabolic waste to enter the kidney and opposes filtration)
What is the net filtration pressure?
55-30-15= 10 mmHg; always positive so filtration will always occur; favors filtration
Why is filtration always positive?
Because the net pressure is positive; pressure favoring filtration is higher than the opposing
What is the purpose of reabsorption?
To allow important nutrients to be reabsorbed into the kidney and then the blood; returning
important substances
What selectivity is tubular absorption?
Highly selective
and Correct Answers, 100% Correct.
2024/2025.
What are the functions of the excretory system?
Maintenance of inorganic solute levels
Maintenance of plasma water volume
Removal of waste
Maintenance of osmotic balance
What excretory organs do simple aquatic animals have?
Diffusion and membrane transporters
What excretory organs do complex aquatic animals have?
Excretory tissues and transport epithelia
What excretory organs do large aquatic and all terrestrial animals have?
Specialized tubules lined with transport epithelia
What nitrogenous wastes are secreted via excretory system?
Ammonia, urea, uric acid
Nitrogenous waster is the result from...
The metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids
Who secretes ammonia?
Most aquatic animals
Who secretes urea?
Most terrestrial
Who secretes uric acid?
Insects, reptiles and birds
When epithelia is transported, positively charged Na attracts what?
Cl-
What is the urine forming organ in vertebrates?
Kidneys
What does urine drain into from kidney?
2 ureters
, What do ureters empty into?
Urinary bladder
What are the four processes involved in excretion starting in the kidney?
Filtration, secretion, reabsorption and osmoconcentration
What is the glomerulus?
Capillaries at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney that remove metabolic waste from the blood
Which direction does filtration go?
Blood circulation to kidney
Which direction does reabsorption go?
Kidney to blood circulation
How does the filtration process go?
Metabolic, nitrogenous waster is in the blood and is transported to the kidney via blood capillaries
called glomerulus and then is excreted
What does Bowman's capsule do?
It removes filtrate from the blood
How many layers of the molecular sieve are there?
3; glomerular capillary wall, basement membrane and inner layer of Bowman's capsule
What type of process is filtration?
Extracellular
What are the driving forces of glomerular filtration?
Glomerular capillary blood pressure (attracts blood and favors filtration), plasma colloid osmotic
pressure (binds plasma, restricts movement and opposes filtration), Bowman's capsule hydrostatic
pressure (does not allow metabolic waste to enter the kidney and opposes filtration)
What is the net filtration pressure?
55-30-15= 10 mmHg; always positive so filtration will always occur; favors filtration
Why is filtration always positive?
Because the net pressure is positive; pressure favoring filtration is higher than the opposing
What is the purpose of reabsorption?
To allow important nutrients to be reabsorbed into the kidney and then the blood; returning
important substances
What selectivity is tubular absorption?
Highly selective
