Parietal Pleura - ANSWER outer layer
Visceral Pleura - ANSWER Inner layer, sits directly on the lung
Pleural Cavity - ANSWER The space between the parietal and visceral
pleura. Filled with pleural fluid. Decreases friction with the movement of
inspiration and expiration.
Upper Respiratory Tract - ANSWER Nose/sinus passages, pharynx,
larynx, and the trachea.
Lower Respiratory Tract - ANSWER Bronchial tree (brionchioles,
alveolar ducts, alveoli)
Ventilation - ANSWER movement of air in and out of the alveoli
Inhalation aka Inspiration - ANSWER when lung tissues expand as air is
pulled into the lungs by the diaphragm and accessory muscles
Compliance - ANSWER ease of thoracic and lung expansion
Exhalation aka Expiration - ANSWER passive process, no muscle use
necessary
Elastic Recoil - ANSWER ease of lung compression which forces air
outof the lungs
What are some effects of the aging respiratory system? - ANSWER 1)
Weakened and atrophied respiratory muscles
2) Reduced elastic recoil of lung tissue
3) Deteriorating cilia
4) Deceased cough reflex
5) Reduced effectiveness of alveolar macrophages
6) Reduced number of alveoli
, Symmetry - ANSWER An unequal chest rise and fall at trachea and
midline.
Dyspnea - ANSWER The use of accessory muscles, retractions (pulling
of the soft tissues between the ribs inward), nasal flaring, frightened
expression, and tripod position.
Cyanosis - ANSWER Skin, lips, and mucous membranes are bluish
color.
Pallor - ANSWER Skin, lips, and mucous membranes are pale.
Symptoms of Respiratory Distress - ANSWER A variability in respiratory
rate, rhythm, chest shape, and clubbing of nails.
Crackles - ANSWER Course or fine. Fluid in lungs, velcro being torn
apart, and heard at the end of inspiration.
Wheezes - ANSWER Narrowed airways, high or low pitched, and heard
on expiration.
Stridor - ANSWER An upper airway obstruction, can be heard with a
stethoscope, loud crawling noise.
Friction Rub - ANSWER Inflamed pleura rubbing together, grating
sound, and sound of leather rubbing together.
Diminished - ANSWER Decreased air movement, faint lung sound, and
hypoventilation.
Absent - ANSWER No air movement, no sounds heard, pneumothorax,
and pneumonectomy.
Chest X-Ray - ANSWER Used to determine structure. PA (posterior/
anterior), may be obtained with a client in bed. lateral (side view), patient
must be able to stand.
Visceral Pleura - ANSWER Inner layer, sits directly on the lung
Pleural Cavity - ANSWER The space between the parietal and visceral
pleura. Filled with pleural fluid. Decreases friction with the movement of
inspiration and expiration.
Upper Respiratory Tract - ANSWER Nose/sinus passages, pharynx,
larynx, and the trachea.
Lower Respiratory Tract - ANSWER Bronchial tree (brionchioles,
alveolar ducts, alveoli)
Ventilation - ANSWER movement of air in and out of the alveoli
Inhalation aka Inspiration - ANSWER when lung tissues expand as air is
pulled into the lungs by the diaphragm and accessory muscles
Compliance - ANSWER ease of thoracic and lung expansion
Exhalation aka Expiration - ANSWER passive process, no muscle use
necessary
Elastic Recoil - ANSWER ease of lung compression which forces air
outof the lungs
What are some effects of the aging respiratory system? - ANSWER 1)
Weakened and atrophied respiratory muscles
2) Reduced elastic recoil of lung tissue
3) Deteriorating cilia
4) Deceased cough reflex
5) Reduced effectiveness of alveolar macrophages
6) Reduced number of alveoli
, Symmetry - ANSWER An unequal chest rise and fall at trachea and
midline.
Dyspnea - ANSWER The use of accessory muscles, retractions (pulling
of the soft tissues between the ribs inward), nasal flaring, frightened
expression, and tripod position.
Cyanosis - ANSWER Skin, lips, and mucous membranes are bluish
color.
Pallor - ANSWER Skin, lips, and mucous membranes are pale.
Symptoms of Respiratory Distress - ANSWER A variability in respiratory
rate, rhythm, chest shape, and clubbing of nails.
Crackles - ANSWER Course or fine. Fluid in lungs, velcro being torn
apart, and heard at the end of inspiration.
Wheezes - ANSWER Narrowed airways, high or low pitched, and heard
on expiration.
Stridor - ANSWER An upper airway obstruction, can be heard with a
stethoscope, loud crawling noise.
Friction Rub - ANSWER Inflamed pleura rubbing together, grating
sound, and sound of leather rubbing together.
Diminished - ANSWER Decreased air movement, faint lung sound, and
hypoventilation.
Absent - ANSWER No air movement, no sounds heard, pneumothorax,
and pneumonectomy.
Chest X-Ray - ANSWER Used to determine structure. PA (posterior/
anterior), may be obtained with a client in bed. lateral (side view), patient
must be able to stand.
