AOD COUNSELLOR STUDY GUIDE FOR IC & RC TEST
EXAM 250 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A
What are the key indicators of harm posed by drugs? - ANSWER: Behavioral Toxicity
(psychoactive "power"), Physical Toxicity (Acute & Chronic Toxicity), Physical
Dependence Potential, Tolerance Potential, and Reinforcement Potential and
Craving.
According to the federal drug schedules, how do we distinguish schedule I, II and III
drugs? Do all the
drugs scheduled at I, II and III "fit" according to the federal standards for each
schedule? - ANSWER: Federal Law classifies drugs based on (1) potential for abuse,
(2) medical application, (3) potential for psychological and physical dependence.
No - Marijuana is listed as schedule 1 drug.
Distinguish between acute and chronic toxicity and provide an example of these
effects using a particular
drug or drugs. - ANSWER: Acute Toxicity - Short-Term (Death - OD)
Chronic - Long-Term. (Emphysema)
What is a therapeutic ratio and how does it relate to toxicity? - ANSWER: The acute
toxicity of a drug is highly related to the therapeutic ratio (TR), which is the ratio of
LD50 (lethal dose) to ED50 (effective dose).
How is reinforcement related to psychological dependence? - ANSWER:
Reinforcement is a psychological process by which an act (such as drug use) is
followed by a consequence (e.g. good feelings) effecting the tendency to repeat the
act. Some drugs have greater reinforcement potential than others (e.g. stimulants).
Which categories of drugs/specific drugs are among the most problematic in terms
of physical dependence? - ANSWER: Depressants & Opiates
Which are among the least problematic in terms of physical dependence? - ANSWER:
Stimulants
What are the primary routes of administration for
drugs? Are they are equally as likely to generate
craving/addiction? Why? - ANSWER: Smoking - Reaching 7-10 sec
Snorting - 3-5 min
Injection - 15-30 sec
Contact - immediately - 30 min
Ingested - 20-30 min
, How common is progression to hard drug use after marijuana use? - ANSWER: 1 in 7
for marijuana, 1 in 12 for any illegal drug, 1 in 50 for cocaine, 1 in 208 for crack, and
1 in 677 for heroine (tried marijuana in lifetime to past month use of drug)
With respect to these fallacies, what other things could be said to be gateway
substances if one believes the gateway effect? - ANSWER: Social - Users have access
to other drugs through their dealers
What do we know about the relationship between age and drug use? What reasons
(theoretical perspective(s)) seem best suited to explain this relationship? - ANSWER:
Higher drug use for younger individuals - highest at 18-25 yr.
A key reason for the relatively high use patterns evidenced during adolescence and
early adulthood is the relative independence and lack of social controls for users
during this period of the lifecourse.
What do we know about differences in drug use by social class? Understand the
general trends and be able to interpret table data - ANSWER: There is no correlation.
Threshold effects of social call on substance abuse, which affect certain minorities
more than whites.
What do we know about differences in drug use by sex? Understand the general
trends and be able to interpret table data. - ANSWER: 12-17yrs. - identical
18-25yrs. - 25-100% more likely
26- yrs. - 2-3x more likely
What do we know about differences in drug use by size of place? Understand the
general trends and be able to interpret table data. - ANSWER: Depends on drug -
access and normative
What do we know about differences in drug use by race/ethnicity? Understand the
general trends and be able to interpret table data. - ANSWER: Native American -
Highest, Asians - Lowest
Aging out - affects whites more than others.
What is primary prevention? - ANSWER: Targets general populations. Examples
include
drug education efforts like DARE and other drug education campaigns, as well as
suspicionless drug testing. Evidence varies based on specific program but in general
these programs are the most problematic, most expensive and least successful.
What is secondary prevention? - ANSWER: Applied during the early stages of drug
use and would encompass attempts to prevent the transition from use to abuse,
limit more risky forms of use, etc.
What is tertiary prevention? - ANSWER: Takes place at later (advanced) stages of
drug abuse
EXAM 250 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A
What are the key indicators of harm posed by drugs? - ANSWER: Behavioral Toxicity
(psychoactive "power"), Physical Toxicity (Acute & Chronic Toxicity), Physical
Dependence Potential, Tolerance Potential, and Reinforcement Potential and
Craving.
According to the federal drug schedules, how do we distinguish schedule I, II and III
drugs? Do all the
drugs scheduled at I, II and III "fit" according to the federal standards for each
schedule? - ANSWER: Federal Law classifies drugs based on (1) potential for abuse,
(2) medical application, (3) potential for psychological and physical dependence.
No - Marijuana is listed as schedule 1 drug.
Distinguish between acute and chronic toxicity and provide an example of these
effects using a particular
drug or drugs. - ANSWER: Acute Toxicity - Short-Term (Death - OD)
Chronic - Long-Term. (Emphysema)
What is a therapeutic ratio and how does it relate to toxicity? - ANSWER: The acute
toxicity of a drug is highly related to the therapeutic ratio (TR), which is the ratio of
LD50 (lethal dose) to ED50 (effective dose).
How is reinforcement related to psychological dependence? - ANSWER:
Reinforcement is a psychological process by which an act (such as drug use) is
followed by a consequence (e.g. good feelings) effecting the tendency to repeat the
act. Some drugs have greater reinforcement potential than others (e.g. stimulants).
Which categories of drugs/specific drugs are among the most problematic in terms
of physical dependence? - ANSWER: Depressants & Opiates
Which are among the least problematic in terms of physical dependence? - ANSWER:
Stimulants
What are the primary routes of administration for
drugs? Are they are equally as likely to generate
craving/addiction? Why? - ANSWER: Smoking - Reaching 7-10 sec
Snorting - 3-5 min
Injection - 15-30 sec
Contact - immediately - 30 min
Ingested - 20-30 min
, How common is progression to hard drug use after marijuana use? - ANSWER: 1 in 7
for marijuana, 1 in 12 for any illegal drug, 1 in 50 for cocaine, 1 in 208 for crack, and
1 in 677 for heroine (tried marijuana in lifetime to past month use of drug)
With respect to these fallacies, what other things could be said to be gateway
substances if one believes the gateway effect? - ANSWER: Social - Users have access
to other drugs through their dealers
What do we know about the relationship between age and drug use? What reasons
(theoretical perspective(s)) seem best suited to explain this relationship? - ANSWER:
Higher drug use for younger individuals - highest at 18-25 yr.
A key reason for the relatively high use patterns evidenced during adolescence and
early adulthood is the relative independence and lack of social controls for users
during this period of the lifecourse.
What do we know about differences in drug use by social class? Understand the
general trends and be able to interpret table data - ANSWER: There is no correlation.
Threshold effects of social call on substance abuse, which affect certain minorities
more than whites.
What do we know about differences in drug use by sex? Understand the general
trends and be able to interpret table data. - ANSWER: 12-17yrs. - identical
18-25yrs. - 25-100% more likely
26- yrs. - 2-3x more likely
What do we know about differences in drug use by size of place? Understand the
general trends and be able to interpret table data. - ANSWER: Depends on drug -
access and normative
What do we know about differences in drug use by race/ethnicity? Understand the
general trends and be able to interpret table data. - ANSWER: Native American -
Highest, Asians - Lowest
Aging out - affects whites more than others.
What is primary prevention? - ANSWER: Targets general populations. Examples
include
drug education efforts like DARE and other drug education campaigns, as well as
suspicionless drug testing. Evidence varies based on specific program but in general
these programs are the most problematic, most expensive and least successful.
What is secondary prevention? - ANSWER: Applied during the early stages of drug
use and would encompass attempts to prevent the transition from use to abuse,
limit more risky forms of use, etc.
What is tertiary prevention? - ANSWER: Takes place at later (advanced) stages of
drug abuse
