AOD COUNSELLOR STUDY GUIDE FOR IC & RC TEST
EXAM 250 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A
Neoplasm - ANSWER: Abnormal growth - no response to growth restraining
mechanisms
Not necessarily a tumor
Benign neoplasm - ANSWER: slow growing
differentiated, mature cells resembling tissue of origin
limited pleomorphism
infrequent mitosis
Grows expansively, not infiltrative
Characteristics of Malignant neoplasms - ANSWER: Rapid growth
atypical growth
increased pleomorphism and mitotic figures, hyperchromatic nuclei
Eyelid neoplasms - ANSWER: 3/4 benign
Most from epidermis
Skin anatomy - ANSWER: Epi - keratocytes/clear cells. Denucleated prevents viruses
from infecting
Dermis - connective tissue
Hypodermis - adipose
Keratocytes - ANSWER: Basal - no keratin
Squamous - keratin producing
granular - Keratin
Stratified squamous - no nuclei
Name the types of Clear Cells - ANSWER: Clear cytoplasm
Melanocytes, langerhans, and merkel cells
Skin appendages - ANSWER: pilosebaceous units
unassociated sebaceous glands
Eccrine/apocrine sweat glands
Nerves
,All can be origin of growth
Where do most neoplasms originate from and what level? - ANSWER: Epidermis
basal cells
Which cells are the most common of neoplasms? - ANSWER: Basal
Squamous
Merkel
Melanocytes
Clear
Granular
Glandular
Assessing the lesion - ANSWER: Duration
Stability - scab, pasty, color?
Exposure to sun
Rapid growth?
What are some non-pigmented lesions? - ANSWER: MC
Keratocanthoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Nodular fasciitis
Rapid growing pigmented lesions? - ANSWER: Malignant melanoma
Merkel cell tumor
Exaggerated surface topography - ANSWER: Bumpy
Veruca
"raspberry"
Keratosis - ANSWER: Firmer than skin
Waxy
Hyperkeratosis like fingernail
Scurf - ANSWER: Dandruff like
Scale - ANSWER: Denser than scurf, but flakey
How can you tell if it is an epi neoplasm? - ANSWER: Exaggerated topography
Most likely due to squamous cell = acanthosis
What is acanthosis? - ANSWER: Loss of polarity
Cells are dysplastic
Raspberry
, Abrupt borders usually caused by neoplasm of which layer? - ANSWER: Epidermis
Sarcoma - ANSWER: Dermis origin
More smooth elevation compared to epi growth
Basal Cell Carcinoma Growth Characteristics - ANSWER: Pearly border
Basal cell growth downward, pushes epi up, stretching it
Seborrheic Keratosis - ANSWER: Pseudohorn Cysts - clumps of melanin
Proliferation of basal cells with acanthosis
-Exaggerated surface topography (verrucous)
-Waxy
-Stuck on
-Cerebriform
- Sessile (broad base), not pedunculated
- Not actinic (UV induced)
How can rapid growing lesions be seen? - ANSWER: Whorls and etties
Cause of Seborrheic Keratosis - ANSWER: Idiopathic
Is SK serious? - ANSWER: No, cosmetic
Can remove
Leser-Trelat sign is serious (marker of visceral malignancies). Signified by several new
lesions
Characteristics of Keratoacanthoma - ANSWER: Pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia
Nodular - cup shaped
Keratin core
Pedunculated
Rolled Borders
Rapid Growth (8 weeks)
Spontaneous Growth and involution
Inflammation
Ulcerative
Keratin stacking
Center necrosis/ulceration
Does not grow below BM
Benign
Little cellular atypia
Which lesion mimics basal cell carcinoma ? - ANSWER: Pseudoepithelimatous
Hyperplasia
EXAM 250 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A
Neoplasm - ANSWER: Abnormal growth - no response to growth restraining
mechanisms
Not necessarily a tumor
Benign neoplasm - ANSWER: slow growing
differentiated, mature cells resembling tissue of origin
limited pleomorphism
infrequent mitosis
Grows expansively, not infiltrative
Characteristics of Malignant neoplasms - ANSWER: Rapid growth
atypical growth
increased pleomorphism and mitotic figures, hyperchromatic nuclei
Eyelid neoplasms - ANSWER: 3/4 benign
Most from epidermis
Skin anatomy - ANSWER: Epi - keratocytes/clear cells. Denucleated prevents viruses
from infecting
Dermis - connective tissue
Hypodermis - adipose
Keratocytes - ANSWER: Basal - no keratin
Squamous - keratin producing
granular - Keratin
Stratified squamous - no nuclei
Name the types of Clear Cells - ANSWER: Clear cytoplasm
Melanocytes, langerhans, and merkel cells
Skin appendages - ANSWER: pilosebaceous units
unassociated sebaceous glands
Eccrine/apocrine sweat glands
Nerves
,All can be origin of growth
Where do most neoplasms originate from and what level? - ANSWER: Epidermis
basal cells
Which cells are the most common of neoplasms? - ANSWER: Basal
Squamous
Merkel
Melanocytes
Clear
Granular
Glandular
Assessing the lesion - ANSWER: Duration
Stability - scab, pasty, color?
Exposure to sun
Rapid growth?
What are some non-pigmented lesions? - ANSWER: MC
Keratocanthoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Nodular fasciitis
Rapid growing pigmented lesions? - ANSWER: Malignant melanoma
Merkel cell tumor
Exaggerated surface topography - ANSWER: Bumpy
Veruca
"raspberry"
Keratosis - ANSWER: Firmer than skin
Waxy
Hyperkeratosis like fingernail
Scurf - ANSWER: Dandruff like
Scale - ANSWER: Denser than scurf, but flakey
How can you tell if it is an epi neoplasm? - ANSWER: Exaggerated topography
Most likely due to squamous cell = acanthosis
What is acanthosis? - ANSWER: Loss of polarity
Cells are dysplastic
Raspberry
, Abrupt borders usually caused by neoplasm of which layer? - ANSWER: Epidermis
Sarcoma - ANSWER: Dermis origin
More smooth elevation compared to epi growth
Basal Cell Carcinoma Growth Characteristics - ANSWER: Pearly border
Basal cell growth downward, pushes epi up, stretching it
Seborrheic Keratosis - ANSWER: Pseudohorn Cysts - clumps of melanin
Proliferation of basal cells with acanthosis
-Exaggerated surface topography (verrucous)
-Waxy
-Stuck on
-Cerebriform
- Sessile (broad base), not pedunculated
- Not actinic (UV induced)
How can rapid growing lesions be seen? - ANSWER: Whorls and etties
Cause of Seborrheic Keratosis - ANSWER: Idiopathic
Is SK serious? - ANSWER: No, cosmetic
Can remove
Leser-Trelat sign is serious (marker of visceral malignancies). Signified by several new
lesions
Characteristics of Keratoacanthoma - ANSWER: Pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia
Nodular - cup shaped
Keratin core
Pedunculated
Rolled Borders
Rapid Growth (8 weeks)
Spontaneous Growth and involution
Inflammation
Ulcerative
Keratin stacking
Center necrosis/ulceration
Does not grow below BM
Benign
Little cellular atypia
Which lesion mimics basal cell carcinoma ? - ANSWER: Pseudoepithelimatous
Hyperplasia
