CNIH Entrance Exam Study Guide Latest Update with
Approved Questions and Answers
platelets - ✔✔small fragments of larger cells produced in the bone marrow that initiate
clotting
Leukocyte (WBC) - ✔✔Protect against invading microorganisms
Erythrocyte (RBC) - ✔✔Contain hgb and enables the cell to bind oxygen molecules
Plasma - ✔✔Fluid medium that allows transport of blood components
Capillaries - ✔✔Smallest vessels
Veins (except pulmonary) - ✔✔Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Pulmonary Vein - ✔✔Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart
Arteries (except Pulmonary) - ✔✔Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Pulmonary Artery - ✔✔Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Blood Pressure - ✔✔Force of blood pushing on walls of arteries
This keeps blood flowing in one direction.. - ✔✔BP
Diastole - ✔✔Atria relax, fill with blood
Systole - ✔✔Contraction of heart muscles to push blood
Semi-lunar valves are located.. - in ✔✔Pulmonary artery and aorta
Pulmonary circuit - ✔✔Right side, blood flows from RA to RV to the lungs
Systemic Circuit - ✔✔Left side, blood flows from LA to LV to the body
Circulatory System transports - ✔✔Micro/Macro Nutrients, Oxygen, Water
Vital lung capacity - ✔✔Maximum volume of gas that can expire after maximum
inspiration
Residual Capacity - ✔✔Volume of gas leftover after maximum expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume - ✔✔Maximum gas that can be expired beyond the end of a
tidal inspiration
Tidal Volume - ✔✔Volume of gas inspired and expired during an unforced breath
, Diaphragm relaxes (moves up) during - ✔✔Expiration
Diaphragm contracts (moves down) during - ✔✔Inspiration
Diffusion - ✔✔Movement of material from higher conc. to lower conc.
Larger Surface Area = increase in diffusion rate - ✔✔True
External Respiration - ✔✔Breathing
Respiratory System - ✔✔System of gas exchange
Internal Respiration - ✔✔Production of energy through cellular respiration
Trachea - ✔✔Passageway for air
Larynx - ✔✔Vocal chords
Pharynx - ✔✔air travels through, connects oral/nasal cavities to larynx
Main component of feces - ✔✔Cellulose
Large intestine consists of.. - ✔✔Ascending, transverse and descending colon
Gallbladder - ✔✔bile salts break down fats
liver - ✔✔produces bile
Bile is stored in the.. - ✔✔Gallbladder
Pancreas - ✔✔produces sodium bicarbonate to raise pH and prevent chyme from
destroying intestines
Lipase - ✔✔breaks own lipids
Trypsin/Pepsin - ✔✔Breaks down proteins
Pancreatic Amylase - ✔✔Breaks down starch
Peptidase - ✔✔breaks down oligopeptides into amino acids
Duodenum - ✔✔pancreatic and bile ducts secrete here
Jejunum - ✔✔breaks down remaining proteins and carbs. Has more folds/glands than
duodenum
Ileum - ✔✔Contains fewer smaller villi. Absorbs nutrients, pushes material into large
intestine
Villi - ✔✔projections in small intestine
Approved Questions and Answers
platelets - ✔✔small fragments of larger cells produced in the bone marrow that initiate
clotting
Leukocyte (WBC) - ✔✔Protect against invading microorganisms
Erythrocyte (RBC) - ✔✔Contain hgb and enables the cell to bind oxygen molecules
Plasma - ✔✔Fluid medium that allows transport of blood components
Capillaries - ✔✔Smallest vessels
Veins (except pulmonary) - ✔✔Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Pulmonary Vein - ✔✔Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart
Arteries (except Pulmonary) - ✔✔Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Pulmonary Artery - ✔✔Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Blood Pressure - ✔✔Force of blood pushing on walls of arteries
This keeps blood flowing in one direction.. - ✔✔BP
Diastole - ✔✔Atria relax, fill with blood
Systole - ✔✔Contraction of heart muscles to push blood
Semi-lunar valves are located.. - in ✔✔Pulmonary artery and aorta
Pulmonary circuit - ✔✔Right side, blood flows from RA to RV to the lungs
Systemic Circuit - ✔✔Left side, blood flows from LA to LV to the body
Circulatory System transports - ✔✔Micro/Macro Nutrients, Oxygen, Water
Vital lung capacity - ✔✔Maximum volume of gas that can expire after maximum
inspiration
Residual Capacity - ✔✔Volume of gas leftover after maximum expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume - ✔✔Maximum gas that can be expired beyond the end of a
tidal inspiration
Tidal Volume - ✔✔Volume of gas inspired and expired during an unforced breath
, Diaphragm relaxes (moves up) during - ✔✔Expiration
Diaphragm contracts (moves down) during - ✔✔Inspiration
Diffusion - ✔✔Movement of material from higher conc. to lower conc.
Larger Surface Area = increase in diffusion rate - ✔✔True
External Respiration - ✔✔Breathing
Respiratory System - ✔✔System of gas exchange
Internal Respiration - ✔✔Production of energy through cellular respiration
Trachea - ✔✔Passageway for air
Larynx - ✔✔Vocal chords
Pharynx - ✔✔air travels through, connects oral/nasal cavities to larynx
Main component of feces - ✔✔Cellulose
Large intestine consists of.. - ✔✔Ascending, transverse and descending colon
Gallbladder - ✔✔bile salts break down fats
liver - ✔✔produces bile
Bile is stored in the.. - ✔✔Gallbladder
Pancreas - ✔✔produces sodium bicarbonate to raise pH and prevent chyme from
destroying intestines
Lipase - ✔✔breaks own lipids
Trypsin/Pepsin - ✔✔Breaks down proteins
Pancreatic Amylase - ✔✔Breaks down starch
Peptidase - ✔✔breaks down oligopeptides into amino acids
Duodenum - ✔✔pancreatic and bile ducts secrete here
Jejunum - ✔✔breaks down remaining proteins and carbs. Has more folds/glands than
duodenum
Ileum - ✔✔Contains fewer smaller villi. Absorbs nutrients, pushes material into large
intestine
Villi - ✔✔projections in small intestine
