• Heat loss due to contact with circulating air
• Heat loss due to contact with circulating air movement is known as convection.
• Transfer of heat from one object to another without contact is known as radiation (60% heat loss from
skin is through radiation).
•Normal oral temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit are 37 degree Celsius.
• Normal auxiliary temperature is 97.6° fahrenheit or 36.4 degree Celsius( 1 degree fahrenheit lesser
than oral temperature).
•If you patient has taken cold or hot drink wait for at least 10 to 20 minutes in order to measure the right
oral temperature
• Normal rectal temperature is 99.6° Fahrenheit or 37 degree Celsius( one degree fahrenheit higher than
oral temperature.
• Hypothermia defined as the temperature less than 95 degrees Fahrenheit .
• Hyperthermia is defined as the temperature up to 105 degrees Fahrenheit
•Hyperpyrexia defined as the temperature more than 105 degrees Fahrenheit.
•Rectal temperature is the most reliable to access core temperature
•Core temperature is defined as the temperate taken from the internal body orifice (example is rectal).
• To assess the rectal temperator the thermometer is inserted 1.5 inch in adult and 1 inch in children
position is left lateral.
• wipe the thermometer from bulb to stem with moist swab (alcohol)before taking temperature.(Least
contaminated to the most contaminated part)
• wipe thermometer from stem to bulb with the dry swab after taking temperature..(Least contaminated
to the most contaminated part).
•relapsing fever is defined as fever episodes are separated by intervals of normal temperature for days
are weeks.
• Lysis fever is defined as the temperature falls in a zigzag manner or step-ladder pattern.
• Crisis fever is defined as sudden return of temperature to the normal range from a very high
temperature.
• Rigor is defined as shadon rise in body temperature with shivering as seen in malaria.
•INVERSE FEVER is defined as the temperature rises in the early morning rather than in the evening.
• HYPERPNEA increased depth of breathing with the normal respiration rate is called hyperpanea.
•CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION is characterized by altered period of tachypnea and Apne.
•KUSSMAUL RESPIRATION (Air hunger) is associated with severe metabolic acidosis and diabetic
ketoacid.
•always count pulse for one full minute
•PULSE PRESSURE is refers to the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood
pressure.
•pulse pressure =systolic blood pressure _diastolic blood pressure.
•width of the BP cuff should be 40% of the arms circumference and length of the cuff should be 80% of
the arm circumference.
• A blood pressure cuff that is too large will give falsely low reading of BP.
•a Blood pressure cuff that is too small will give falsely high reading of BP.
•nonmaleficence is an ethical principle that obliges one not inflict intentional harm especially to the
patient.
•INTENTIONAL TORTS include assault, battery false imprisonment ,intentional infliction of emotional
distress, libel, slander and trespassing.
•BENEFICENCE doing good for the patients and providing benefit balanced against risk.
•FIDELITY being loyal and faithful to commitments and accountable for responsibilities.
VERACITY telling the truth and not intentionally deceiving or misleading patients.
SLANDER refers to crime of making false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.
•A patient whose life is threatened and who is cometos is assumed to give implied consent (consent by
a consultant doctor).
• Heat loss due to contact with circulating air movement is known as convection.
• Transfer of heat from one object to another without contact is known as radiation (60% heat loss from
skin is through radiation).
•Normal oral temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit are 37 degree Celsius.
• Normal auxiliary temperature is 97.6° fahrenheit or 36.4 degree Celsius( 1 degree fahrenheit lesser
than oral temperature).
•If you patient has taken cold or hot drink wait for at least 10 to 20 minutes in order to measure the right
oral temperature
• Normal rectal temperature is 99.6° Fahrenheit or 37 degree Celsius( one degree fahrenheit higher than
oral temperature.
• Hypothermia defined as the temperature less than 95 degrees Fahrenheit .
• Hyperthermia is defined as the temperature up to 105 degrees Fahrenheit
•Hyperpyrexia defined as the temperature more than 105 degrees Fahrenheit.
•Rectal temperature is the most reliable to access core temperature
•Core temperature is defined as the temperate taken from the internal body orifice (example is rectal).
• To assess the rectal temperator the thermometer is inserted 1.5 inch in adult and 1 inch in children
position is left lateral.
• wipe the thermometer from bulb to stem with moist swab (alcohol)before taking temperature.(Least
contaminated to the most contaminated part)
• wipe thermometer from stem to bulb with the dry swab after taking temperature..(Least contaminated
to the most contaminated part).
•relapsing fever is defined as fever episodes are separated by intervals of normal temperature for days
are weeks.
• Lysis fever is defined as the temperature falls in a zigzag manner or step-ladder pattern.
• Crisis fever is defined as sudden return of temperature to the normal range from a very high
temperature.
• Rigor is defined as shadon rise in body temperature with shivering as seen in malaria.
•INVERSE FEVER is defined as the temperature rises in the early morning rather than in the evening.
• HYPERPNEA increased depth of breathing with the normal respiration rate is called hyperpanea.
•CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION is characterized by altered period of tachypnea and Apne.
•KUSSMAUL RESPIRATION (Air hunger) is associated with severe metabolic acidosis and diabetic
ketoacid.
•always count pulse for one full minute
•PULSE PRESSURE is refers to the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood
pressure.
•pulse pressure =systolic blood pressure _diastolic blood pressure.
•width of the BP cuff should be 40% of the arms circumference and length of the cuff should be 80% of
the arm circumference.
• A blood pressure cuff that is too large will give falsely low reading of BP.
•a Blood pressure cuff that is too small will give falsely high reading of BP.
•nonmaleficence is an ethical principle that obliges one not inflict intentional harm especially to the
patient.
•INTENTIONAL TORTS include assault, battery false imprisonment ,intentional infliction of emotional
distress, libel, slander and trespassing.
•BENEFICENCE doing good for the patients and providing benefit balanced against risk.
•FIDELITY being loyal and faithful to commitments and accountable for responsibilities.
VERACITY telling the truth and not intentionally deceiving or misleading patients.
SLANDER refers to crime of making false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.
•A patient whose life is threatened and who is cometos is assumed to give implied consent (consent by
a consultant doctor).
