Test Bank for Sabiston Textbook of Surgery (21st Edition) by
Courtney M. Townsend Jr |2025/2026 update |All Chapters
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Rise of Modern Surgery ........................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2: Ethics and Professionalism in Surgery .......................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3: The Inflammatory Response ......................................................................................................... 44
Chapter 4: Shock, Electrolytes, and Fluid ....................................................................................................... 64
Chapter 5: Metabolism in Surgical Patients .................................................................................................... 84
Chapter 6:Wound Healing ............................................................................................................................ 103
Chapter 7: Regenerative Medicine ............................................................................................................... 122
Chapter 8: Critical Assessment of Surgical Outcomes and Health Services Research: ................................. 141
Chapter 9: Surgical Site Infections ............................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 10: Principles of Preoperative and Operative Surgery ..................................................................... 173
Chapter 11: Surgical Infections and Antibiotic Use ........................................................................................ 193
Chapter 12: Surgical Complications .............................................................................................................. 212
Chapter 13: Surgery in the Geriatric Patient ................................................................................................. 231
Chapter 14: Anesthesiology Principles, Pain Management, and Conscious Sedation ................................... 251
Chapter 15: Emerging Technology in Surgery: Informatics, Electronics ........................................................ 270
Chapter 16: Robotic Surgery ........................................................................................................................ 289
Chapter 17: Management of Acute Trauma .................................................................................................. 305
Chapter 18: The Difficult Abdominal Wall...................................................................................................... 324
Chapter 19: Emergency Care of Musculoskeletal Injuries ............................................................................. 343
Chapter 20: Burns ........................................................................................................................................ 362
Chapter 21: Bites and Stings ........................................................................................................................ 379
Chapter 22: Surgical Critical Care ................................................................................................................. 392
Chapter 23: Bedside Surgical Procedures .................................................................................................... 411
Chapter 24: The Surgeon’s Role in Mass Casualty Incidents ........................................................................ 430
Chapter 25: Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunosuppression: ........................................................ 449
Chapter 26: Liver Transplantation................................................................................................................. 468
Chapter 27: Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: ...................................................................................... 486
Chapter 28: Small Bowel Transplantation ..................................................................................................... 505
Chapter 29: Tumor Biology and Tumor Markers ........................................................................................... 524
Chapter 30: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy ................................................................................... 543
Chapter 31: Melanoma and Cutaneous Malignancies................................................................................... 562
Chapter 32: Soft Tissue Sarcoma................................................................................................................. 581
Chapter 33: Bone Tumors ............................................................................................................................ 600
Chapter 34: Head and Neck ......................................................................................................................... 619
Chapter 35: Diseases of the Breast .............................................................................................................. 638
Chapter 36. Breast Reconstruction .............................................................................................................. 651
Chapter 37. Thyroid ..................................................................................................................................... 662
Chapter 38. The Parathyroid Glands ............................................................................................................ 673
Chapter 39. Endocrine Pancreas ................................................................................................................. 684
Chapter 40: The Adrenal Glands.................................................................................................................. 695
Chapter 41: The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes ......................................................................... 706
Chapter 42: Esophagus ............................................................................................................................... 716
Chapter 43: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hiatal Hernia ............................................................... 727
,Chapter 44: Abdominal Wall, Umbilicus, Peritoneum, Mesenteries, Omentum, and Retroperitoneum.......... 737
Chapter 45. Hernias ..................................................................................................................................... 747
Chapter 46. Acute Abdomen ........................................................................................................................ 756
Chapter 47: Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: ......................................................................................... 766
Chapter 48: Morbid Obesity ......................................................................................................................... 776
Chapter 49: Stomach ................................................................................................................................... 785
Chapter 50: Small Intestine .......................................................................................................................... 794
Chapter 51: The Appendix ........................................................................................................................... 803
Chapter 52: Colon and Rectum .................................................................................................................... 812
Chapter 53: Anus ......................................................................................................................................... 821
Chapter 54: The Liver .................................................................................................................................. 830
Chapter 55: Biliary System .......................................................................................................................... 839
Chapter 56: Exocrine Pancreas ................................................................................................................... 848
Chapter 57: The Spleen ............................................................................................................................... 857
Chapter 58: Lung, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum ............................................................................. 862
Chapter 59: Congenital Heart Disease ......................................................................................................... 871
Chapter 60: Acquired Heart Disease – Coronary Insufficiency ...................................................................... 880
Chapter 61: Acquired Heart Disease – Valvular ............................................................................................ 889
Chapter 62: The Aorta ................................................................................................................................. 898
Chapter 63: Peripheral Arterial Disease ....................................................................................................... 907
Chapter 64: Vascular Trauma ...................................................................................................................... 916
Chapter 65: Venous Disease ....................................................................................................................... 925
Chapter 66: The Lymphatics ........................................................................................................................ 934
Chapter 67: Pediatric Surgery ...................................................................................................................... 943
Chapter 68: Neurosurgery ........................................................................................................................... 952
Chapter 69: Plastic Surgery ......................................................................................................................... 962
Chapter 70: Hand Surgery ........................................................................................................................... 971
Chapter 71: Gynecologic Surgery ................................................................................................................ 980
Chapter 72: Surgery in the Pregnant Patient ................................................................................................ 989
Chapter 73: Fetal Surgery ............................................................................................................................ 998
Chapter 74: Urologic Surgery..................................................................................................................... 1007
, Chapter 1: The Rise of Modern Surgery
1. The control of pain in the early development of surgery was primarily achieved by which
of the following methods?
A. Ether anesthesia
B. Herbal remedies
C. Bloodletting
D. Hypnosis
Answer: A. Ether anesthesia
Rationale: Ether anesthesia, introduced in the mid-19th century, revolutionized the control
of pain during surgery, marking a significant advancement in the field. Prior methods like
herbal remedies and bloodletting were largely ineffective for pain management during
major surgeries.
NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity – Pharmacological and Parenteral
Therapies
2. The discovery and understanding of which of the following played a crucial role in
preventing infections in surgical procedures?
A. Anatomy
B. Sterilization techniques
C. X-rays
D. Blood transfusion
Answer: B. Sterilization techniques
Rationale: Sterilization techniques, particularly the introduction of antiseptics by Joseph Lister,
drastically reduced infections in surgeries by ensuring that tools and operating environments were
clean.
NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity – Reduction of Risk Potential
3. Which of the following advancements is most associated with the ability to control
bleeding during surgery?
A. Tourniquets
B. Electrocautery
Courtney M. Townsend Jr |2025/2026 update |All Chapters
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Rise of Modern Surgery ........................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2: Ethics and Professionalism in Surgery .......................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3: The Inflammatory Response ......................................................................................................... 44
Chapter 4: Shock, Electrolytes, and Fluid ....................................................................................................... 64
Chapter 5: Metabolism in Surgical Patients .................................................................................................... 84
Chapter 6:Wound Healing ............................................................................................................................ 103
Chapter 7: Regenerative Medicine ............................................................................................................... 122
Chapter 8: Critical Assessment of Surgical Outcomes and Health Services Research: ................................. 141
Chapter 9: Surgical Site Infections ............................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 10: Principles of Preoperative and Operative Surgery ..................................................................... 173
Chapter 11: Surgical Infections and Antibiotic Use ........................................................................................ 193
Chapter 12: Surgical Complications .............................................................................................................. 212
Chapter 13: Surgery in the Geriatric Patient ................................................................................................. 231
Chapter 14: Anesthesiology Principles, Pain Management, and Conscious Sedation ................................... 251
Chapter 15: Emerging Technology in Surgery: Informatics, Electronics ........................................................ 270
Chapter 16: Robotic Surgery ........................................................................................................................ 289
Chapter 17: Management of Acute Trauma .................................................................................................. 305
Chapter 18: The Difficult Abdominal Wall...................................................................................................... 324
Chapter 19: Emergency Care of Musculoskeletal Injuries ............................................................................. 343
Chapter 20: Burns ........................................................................................................................................ 362
Chapter 21: Bites and Stings ........................................................................................................................ 379
Chapter 22: Surgical Critical Care ................................................................................................................. 392
Chapter 23: Bedside Surgical Procedures .................................................................................................... 411
Chapter 24: The Surgeon’s Role in Mass Casualty Incidents ........................................................................ 430
Chapter 25: Transplantation Immunobiology and Immunosuppression: ........................................................ 449
Chapter 26: Liver Transplantation................................................................................................................. 468
Chapter 27: Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: ...................................................................................... 486
Chapter 28: Small Bowel Transplantation ..................................................................................................... 505
Chapter 29: Tumor Biology and Tumor Markers ........................................................................................... 524
Chapter 30: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy ................................................................................... 543
Chapter 31: Melanoma and Cutaneous Malignancies................................................................................... 562
Chapter 32: Soft Tissue Sarcoma................................................................................................................. 581
Chapter 33: Bone Tumors ............................................................................................................................ 600
Chapter 34: Head and Neck ......................................................................................................................... 619
Chapter 35: Diseases of the Breast .............................................................................................................. 638
Chapter 36. Breast Reconstruction .............................................................................................................. 651
Chapter 37. Thyroid ..................................................................................................................................... 662
Chapter 38. The Parathyroid Glands ............................................................................................................ 673
Chapter 39. Endocrine Pancreas ................................................................................................................. 684
Chapter 40: The Adrenal Glands.................................................................................................................. 695
Chapter 41: The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes ......................................................................... 706
Chapter 42: Esophagus ............................................................................................................................... 716
Chapter 43: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hiatal Hernia ............................................................... 727
,Chapter 44: Abdominal Wall, Umbilicus, Peritoneum, Mesenteries, Omentum, and Retroperitoneum.......... 737
Chapter 45. Hernias ..................................................................................................................................... 747
Chapter 46. Acute Abdomen ........................................................................................................................ 756
Chapter 47: Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: ......................................................................................... 766
Chapter 48: Morbid Obesity ......................................................................................................................... 776
Chapter 49: Stomach ................................................................................................................................... 785
Chapter 50: Small Intestine .......................................................................................................................... 794
Chapter 51: The Appendix ........................................................................................................................... 803
Chapter 52: Colon and Rectum .................................................................................................................... 812
Chapter 53: Anus ......................................................................................................................................... 821
Chapter 54: The Liver .................................................................................................................................. 830
Chapter 55: Biliary System .......................................................................................................................... 839
Chapter 56: Exocrine Pancreas ................................................................................................................... 848
Chapter 57: The Spleen ............................................................................................................................... 857
Chapter 58: Lung, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum ............................................................................. 862
Chapter 59: Congenital Heart Disease ......................................................................................................... 871
Chapter 60: Acquired Heart Disease – Coronary Insufficiency ...................................................................... 880
Chapter 61: Acquired Heart Disease – Valvular ............................................................................................ 889
Chapter 62: The Aorta ................................................................................................................................. 898
Chapter 63: Peripheral Arterial Disease ....................................................................................................... 907
Chapter 64: Vascular Trauma ...................................................................................................................... 916
Chapter 65: Venous Disease ....................................................................................................................... 925
Chapter 66: The Lymphatics ........................................................................................................................ 934
Chapter 67: Pediatric Surgery ...................................................................................................................... 943
Chapter 68: Neurosurgery ........................................................................................................................... 952
Chapter 69: Plastic Surgery ......................................................................................................................... 962
Chapter 70: Hand Surgery ........................................................................................................................... 971
Chapter 71: Gynecologic Surgery ................................................................................................................ 980
Chapter 72: Surgery in the Pregnant Patient ................................................................................................ 989
Chapter 73: Fetal Surgery ............................................................................................................................ 998
Chapter 74: Urologic Surgery..................................................................................................................... 1007
, Chapter 1: The Rise of Modern Surgery
1. The control of pain in the early development of surgery was primarily achieved by which
of the following methods?
A. Ether anesthesia
B. Herbal remedies
C. Bloodletting
D. Hypnosis
Answer: A. Ether anesthesia
Rationale: Ether anesthesia, introduced in the mid-19th century, revolutionized the control
of pain during surgery, marking a significant advancement in the field. Prior methods like
herbal remedies and bloodletting were largely ineffective for pain management during
major surgeries.
NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity – Pharmacological and Parenteral
Therapies
2. The discovery and understanding of which of the following played a crucial role in
preventing infections in surgical procedures?
A. Anatomy
B. Sterilization techniques
C. X-rays
D. Blood transfusion
Answer: B. Sterilization techniques
Rationale: Sterilization techniques, particularly the introduction of antiseptics by Joseph Lister,
drastically reduced infections in surgeries by ensuring that tools and operating environments were
clean.
NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity – Reduction of Risk Potential
3. Which of the following advancements is most associated with the ability to control
bleeding during surgery?
A. Tourniquets
B. Electrocautery
