Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 12th Edition Susan
M Ford Test Bank All Chapters (1-54) | A+ ULTIMATE
Guide 2023
What are sources of drugs? - ANSWER: - plants
- animals
- chemical synthesis
What is pharmacogenetics? - ANSWER: the effect of a single gene on drug response
What is pharmacogenomics? - ANSWER: the effects of many genes on a patient's
response to treatment
Pharmacogenomics is most beneficial for medications with... - ANSWER: - high
interpersonal variability
- narrow therapeutic index
- nonlinear pharmacokinetics
What are pharmacokinetic variations? - ANSWER: genotypic inheritance patterns of
cytochrome P450 genes may alter metabolism of certain medications
What are pharmacodynamic variations? - ANSWER: genetic variation of receptors,
signaling proteins
How many base pairs are in the human genome? - ANSWER: 3 million
What percentage of DNA is identical between any 2 people? - ANSWER: 99.6%
How many base pairs represent genetic variability? - ANSWER: 12 million
What is the "wild type"? - ANSWER: normal most frequently occurring genotype
What is a genotype? - ANSWER: gene pattern
What is a phenotype? - ANSWER: the presentation of the gene
What was the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act of 2008? -
ANSWER: protects patients from discrimination on the basis of genetic information
in both health insurance and employment
What are the components of the dose response curve? - ANSWER: - ceiling effect
- potency
- duration of action
- onset of action
What are the FDA requirements for drug approval? - ANSWER: safe and effective
, What does ED50 stand for? - ANSWER: effective dose 50
What does LD50 stand for? - ANSWER: lethal dose 50
How is the therapeutic index calculated? - ANSWER: TI = LD50/ED50
What was the first drug law that requires drugs to have a minimal strength and
purity? - ANSWER: 1906 - Federal Pure Food and Drug Act
Why was the Federal Pure Food and Drug Act put into place? - ANSWER: Swill milk
In what year was an amendment made to the 1906 law? - ANSWER: 1912
What did the amendment to the 1906 law include? - ANSWER: included regulations
for labeling and false claims of effectiveness
What was the 1938 law that gave authority to the FDA? - ANSWER: Federal Food and
Cosmetic Act
What did the Federal Food and Cosmetic Act do? - ANSWER: it set safety standards
and looked for toxicity
Why was the Federal Food and Cosmetic Act put into place? - ANSWER:
sulfanilamide elixir disaster of 1937 (powdered sulfanilamide mixed with diethylene
glycol killed 100 people)
What was the name of the 1962 amendment to the 1938 law? - ANSWER: Kefauver-
Harris Amendment
What did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment do? - ANSWER: - required animal testing
to be done prior to human testing
- established clinical requirements for human drug testing
What was the 1970 drug legislation act? - ANSWER: Federal Comprehensive Drug
Abuse Prevention and Control Act
What was the purpose of the Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control Act? - ANSWER: - "Controlled Substance Act"
- regulates the dispensing of "controlled" substances that have the potential for
abuse
Schedule 1-5
What was the drug legislation act of 2007? - ANSWER: Food and Drug Administration
Amendments Act (FDAA)
M Ford Test Bank All Chapters (1-54) | A+ ULTIMATE
Guide 2023
What are sources of drugs? - ANSWER: - plants
- animals
- chemical synthesis
What is pharmacogenetics? - ANSWER: the effect of a single gene on drug response
What is pharmacogenomics? - ANSWER: the effects of many genes on a patient's
response to treatment
Pharmacogenomics is most beneficial for medications with... - ANSWER: - high
interpersonal variability
- narrow therapeutic index
- nonlinear pharmacokinetics
What are pharmacokinetic variations? - ANSWER: genotypic inheritance patterns of
cytochrome P450 genes may alter metabolism of certain medications
What are pharmacodynamic variations? - ANSWER: genetic variation of receptors,
signaling proteins
How many base pairs are in the human genome? - ANSWER: 3 million
What percentage of DNA is identical between any 2 people? - ANSWER: 99.6%
How many base pairs represent genetic variability? - ANSWER: 12 million
What is the "wild type"? - ANSWER: normal most frequently occurring genotype
What is a genotype? - ANSWER: gene pattern
What is a phenotype? - ANSWER: the presentation of the gene
What was the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act of 2008? -
ANSWER: protects patients from discrimination on the basis of genetic information
in both health insurance and employment
What are the components of the dose response curve? - ANSWER: - ceiling effect
- potency
- duration of action
- onset of action
What are the FDA requirements for drug approval? - ANSWER: safe and effective
, What does ED50 stand for? - ANSWER: effective dose 50
What does LD50 stand for? - ANSWER: lethal dose 50
How is the therapeutic index calculated? - ANSWER: TI = LD50/ED50
What was the first drug law that requires drugs to have a minimal strength and
purity? - ANSWER: 1906 - Federal Pure Food and Drug Act
Why was the Federal Pure Food and Drug Act put into place? - ANSWER: Swill milk
In what year was an amendment made to the 1906 law? - ANSWER: 1912
What did the amendment to the 1906 law include? - ANSWER: included regulations
for labeling and false claims of effectiveness
What was the 1938 law that gave authority to the FDA? - ANSWER: Federal Food and
Cosmetic Act
What did the Federal Food and Cosmetic Act do? - ANSWER: it set safety standards
and looked for toxicity
Why was the Federal Food and Cosmetic Act put into place? - ANSWER:
sulfanilamide elixir disaster of 1937 (powdered sulfanilamide mixed with diethylene
glycol killed 100 people)
What was the name of the 1962 amendment to the 1938 law? - ANSWER: Kefauver-
Harris Amendment
What did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment do? - ANSWER: - required animal testing
to be done prior to human testing
- established clinical requirements for human drug testing
What was the 1970 drug legislation act? - ANSWER: Federal Comprehensive Drug
Abuse Prevention and Control Act
What was the purpose of the Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control Act? - ANSWER: - "Controlled Substance Act"
- regulates the dispensing of "controlled" substances that have the potential for
abuse
Schedule 1-5
What was the drug legislation act of 2007? - ANSWER: Food and Drug Administration
Amendments Act (FDAA)
