Ocular mobilty disorders and strabismus
sábado, 19 de octubre de 2024 3:53 p.m.
Summary
Strabismus is a condition characterized by misalignment of the eyes when looking at an obje
One eye deviates (either constantly or intermittently) from the normal visual axis, which resu
in the inability of the brain to fuse together the images from the right and left eye. Strabismu
classified as either concomitant (nonparalytic) or paralytic. Concomitant strabismus primaril
occurs in early childhood and manifests with a constant angle of deviation, in which the
misaligned eye follows the unaffected eye. Paralytic strabismus is frequently acquired and is
to the functional weakness of individual extraocular muscles, which alter the angle of deviat
depending on the direction of view. Further typical features include double as well as decrea
vision. Treatment at an early stage (e.g., via occlusion treatment or surgery) is essential to
prevent complications such as amblyopia (decreased vision in an eye with no apparent
structural abnormality) and loss of binocular vision. Further complex ocular motility disorder
can result from central nervous pathologies. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, for example, is
caused by a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and causes disturbances in horizonta
eye movements.
Basic terms
- Strabismus: abnormal alignment of the eyes; the visual axes of the eyes are not paralle
(crossed-eyes)
○ Heterotropia: manifest strabismus
§ Esotropia: inward misalignment (most common type in children)
§ Exotropia: outward misalignment
§ Hypertropia: upward deviation of one eye
§ Hypotropia: downward deviation of one eye
§ Cyclotropia: rotation of one eye around an anterior-posterior axis
○ Heterophoria: latent strabismus ; presents with the same (latent) misalignment
seen in heterotropia.
§ Esophoria: a type of heterophoria in which one eye has a tendency to
converge towards the nose when the other eye is shut; the opposite of
exophoria
§ Exophoria: a type of heterophoria in which one eye has a tendency to devi
away from the nose when the other eye is shut; the opposite of esophoria
§ Brown syndrome: a rare form of strabismus that presents with limited
elevation of the affected eye
sábado, 19 de octubre de 2024 3:53 p.m.
Summary
Strabismus is a condition characterized by misalignment of the eyes when looking at an obje
One eye deviates (either constantly or intermittently) from the normal visual axis, which resu
in the inability of the brain to fuse together the images from the right and left eye. Strabismu
classified as either concomitant (nonparalytic) or paralytic. Concomitant strabismus primaril
occurs in early childhood and manifests with a constant angle of deviation, in which the
misaligned eye follows the unaffected eye. Paralytic strabismus is frequently acquired and is
to the functional weakness of individual extraocular muscles, which alter the angle of deviat
depending on the direction of view. Further typical features include double as well as decrea
vision. Treatment at an early stage (e.g., via occlusion treatment or surgery) is essential to
prevent complications such as amblyopia (decreased vision in an eye with no apparent
structural abnormality) and loss of binocular vision. Further complex ocular motility disorder
can result from central nervous pathologies. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, for example, is
caused by a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and causes disturbances in horizonta
eye movements.
Basic terms
- Strabismus: abnormal alignment of the eyes; the visual axes of the eyes are not paralle
(crossed-eyes)
○ Heterotropia: manifest strabismus
§ Esotropia: inward misalignment (most common type in children)
§ Exotropia: outward misalignment
§ Hypertropia: upward deviation of one eye
§ Hypotropia: downward deviation of one eye
§ Cyclotropia: rotation of one eye around an anterior-posterior axis
○ Heterophoria: latent strabismus ; presents with the same (latent) misalignment
seen in heterotropia.
§ Esophoria: a type of heterophoria in which one eye has a tendency to
converge towards the nose when the other eye is shut; the opposite of
exophoria
§ Exophoria: a type of heterophoria in which one eye has a tendency to devi
away from the nose when the other eye is shut; the opposite of esophoria
§ Brown syndrome: a rare form of strabismus that presents with limited
elevation of the affected eye
