HUBS1416 - EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
How does the inside surface of a cell membrane of a neuron differ from the outside
surface when the neuron is at rest?
a. The inside surface is positively charged and has more sodium ions
b. The inside surface is negatively charged and has fewer sodium ions
c. The inside surface is negatively charged and has more sodium ions
d. The internal surface is positively charged and has less sodium ions - ANSWER b. The
internal surface is negative and have fewer sodium ions
Immediately after an action potential has fired, which ion channels open to allow the
resting membrane potential to be restored (repolarise)?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Chloride - ANSWER b. Potassium
What is the cell body of a neuron responsible for?
a. releasing neurotransmitters
b. producing myelin sheath for axon
c. receive and integrate information from other neurons
d. form and propagate action potentials to the axon terminal - ANSWER c. receive and
integrate information from other neurons
,What is the correct order for a simple spinal reflex arc?
a. receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
b. receptor, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, effector
c. effector, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, receptor
d. effector, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, receptor - ANWER a.
receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
The sodium-potassium exchange pump:
a. requires ATP in order to function.
b. moves sodium and potassium down their chemical gradients.
c. transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarisation.
d. transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarisation. - ANWER a. requires
ATP in order to function.
Which of the following is true about the Babinski reflex?
a. A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or
higher centers that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes.
b. Plantar flexion is a positive Babinski sign and is normal in adults and infants
c. Plantar flexion is a negative Babinski sign and is pathological in adults and infants
d. A negative babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or
higher centres that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes - ANSWER a. A positive
Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or higher centres
that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes.
A patient showing signs of myelin damage is likely to have neurological symptoms due
to:
, a. problems with creation of an impulse
b. problems with impulse conduction (propagation)
c. problems with neurotransmission
d. problems with maintenance of a membrane potential - ANSWER b. problems with
impulse conduction (propagation)
Testing a reflex can give information about:
a. the sensory neuron involved in the reflex
b. the motor neuron involved in the reflex
c. the central nervous system
d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
A man is brought into the emergency room after an accident in which he sustained
suspected damage to his spinal cord at the lumbar level. On preliminary testing, there
are no tendon reflexes in his legs, but after a few days he develops tendon reflexes of +4
in both legs. What does this suggest?
a. He has sustained some bruising to the spinal cord, but +4 tendon reflexes indicate a
return to a normal reflex response. b. He has sustained damage to his spinal cord, and
after initial shock he is showing signs of hyperactive reflexes due to upper motor neuron
damage
c. The spinal cord does not appear to have been damaged, but he has damaged the
lower motor neurons supplying the legs that were initially inactive and now irritated.
d. He has damaged his spinal cord, which explains the absent reflexes initially, but a
return of the reflexes means that recovery is well on the way. - ANSWER b. He has
damaged his spinal cord and, following initial shock, he is showing signs of hyperactive
reflexes due to upper motor neuron damage.
This young man is brought into casualty after being thrown off his motorbike. He had
sustained a fracture of the cervical vertebrae at the level of C3, and died en-route to the
hospital. What would have been the immediate cause of his death?
How does the inside surface of a cell membrane of a neuron differ from the outside
surface when the neuron is at rest?
a. The inside surface is positively charged and has more sodium ions
b. The inside surface is negatively charged and has fewer sodium ions
c. The inside surface is negatively charged and has more sodium ions
d. The internal surface is positively charged and has less sodium ions - ANSWER b. The
internal surface is negative and have fewer sodium ions
Immediately after an action potential has fired, which ion channels open to allow the
resting membrane potential to be restored (repolarise)?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Chloride - ANSWER b. Potassium
What is the cell body of a neuron responsible for?
a. releasing neurotransmitters
b. producing myelin sheath for axon
c. receive and integrate information from other neurons
d. form and propagate action potentials to the axon terminal - ANSWER c. receive and
integrate information from other neurons
,What is the correct order for a simple spinal reflex arc?
a. receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
b. receptor, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, effector
c. effector, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, receptor
d. effector, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, receptor - ANWER a.
receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
The sodium-potassium exchange pump:
a. requires ATP in order to function.
b. moves sodium and potassium down their chemical gradients.
c. transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarisation.
d. transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarisation. - ANWER a. requires
ATP in order to function.
Which of the following is true about the Babinski reflex?
a. A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or
higher centers that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes.
b. Plantar flexion is a positive Babinski sign and is normal in adults and infants
c. Plantar flexion is a negative Babinski sign and is pathological in adults and infants
d. A negative babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or
higher centres that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes - ANSWER a. A positive
Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or higher centres
that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes.
A patient showing signs of myelin damage is likely to have neurological symptoms due
to:
, a. problems with creation of an impulse
b. problems with impulse conduction (propagation)
c. problems with neurotransmission
d. problems with maintenance of a membrane potential - ANSWER b. problems with
impulse conduction (propagation)
Testing a reflex can give information about:
a. the sensory neuron involved in the reflex
b. the motor neuron involved in the reflex
c. the central nervous system
d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
A man is brought into the emergency room after an accident in which he sustained
suspected damage to his spinal cord at the lumbar level. On preliminary testing, there
are no tendon reflexes in his legs, but after a few days he develops tendon reflexes of +4
in both legs. What does this suggest?
a. He has sustained some bruising to the spinal cord, but +4 tendon reflexes indicate a
return to a normal reflex response. b. He has sustained damage to his spinal cord, and
after initial shock he is showing signs of hyperactive reflexes due to upper motor neuron
damage
c. The spinal cord does not appear to have been damaged, but he has damaged the
lower motor neurons supplying the legs that were initially inactive and now irritated.
d. He has damaged his spinal cord, which explains the absent reflexes initially, but a
return of the reflexes means that recovery is well on the way. - ANSWER b. He has
damaged his spinal cord and, following initial shock, he is showing signs of hyperactive
reflexes due to upper motor neuron damage.
This young man is brought into casualty after being thrown off his motorbike. He had
sustained a fracture of the cervical vertebrae at the level of C3, and died en-route to the
hospital. What would have been the immediate cause of his death?
