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Computer Network Detailed Easy Explanation

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This PDF offers a comprehensive yet straightforward guide to key topics in computer networking. It breaks down complex networking concepts into easy-to-understand explanations, making it an ideal resource for students, beginners, or professionals looking to refresh their knowledge. The document covers fundamental concepts of networking, starting with the **Data Link Layer**—explaining its role in converting data streams into signals and how it interacts with underlying hardware. Detailed discussions on various protocols such as **SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control)**, **HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control)**, **PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)**, and **SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)** are provided, with clear examples of how each protocol operates within network communication. Other sections of the guide delve into **FTP Protocols**, which outline file transfer mechanisms, including authentication, error checking, and active/passive mode connections. The document also explores the **HTTP Protocol**, **DNS**, and **UDP Protocols**, offering insights into their functions, features, and use cases within the TCP/IP model. Additionally, the guide highlights essential protocols for secure and reliable communication over networks, including detailed diagrams and examples of data transmission processes. Whether for academic learning or professional reference, this PDF serves as a practical resource for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of computer networks.

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,Datalink layer protocols
INTRODUCTION:
➢Data link layer is second layer of OSI layered model. this layer is one
the most complicated layers and has complex functionalities
liabilities. data link layer hides the details of underlying hardware
represents itself to upper layer as the medium to communicate.
➢ Data link layer is responsible for converting data stream to signals bit
bit and to send that over the underlying hardware. At the receiving e
Data link layer picks up data from hardware which are in the form
electrical signals, assembles them in a recognizable frame format,
hands over to upper layer.

,Protocols in datalink layer

, SDLC [synchronous data link control work]

➢In SDLC, data is sent as a synchronous bit stream. this stream is divided int
frames. each frame contains addressing and control information, as well as
data payload.
➢In the primary station/secondary station model of communication, one stati
is designated as primary, while the remaining stations are secondary.
➢Establish control and tear down SDLC connections;
➢Manage connections
➢Poll secondary stations in a specific order to determine whether they want t
transmit data.

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Written in
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