2024 AQA A LEVEL AND AS
BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS YEAR 1
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
antigen - CORRECT-ANSWERSa molecule that triggers an immune response
antibiotic - CORRECT-ANSWERSa substance produced by living organisms
that can destroy the growth of organisms
emphysema - CORRECT-ANSWERSa disease in which the walls of the alveoli
break down, reducing the surface area for gaseous exchange
epidemiology - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe study of the spread of disease and
the factors that affect this spread
gene pool - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe total number of alleles in a particular
population at a specific time
habitat - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe place where an organism usually lives and
which is characterised by the physical conditions of the place
homologous chromosomes - CORRECT-ANSWERSa pair of chromosomes (one
maternal and one paternal) that have the same gene loci and therefore
determine the same features
human genome - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe totality of DNA sequences on the
chromosomes of a single human cell
intercropping - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe practice of growing two or more crops
in close proximity usually to produce greater yield on a piece of land
interspecific variation - CORRECT-ANSWERSdifferences between organisms
of different species
intraspecific variation - CORRECT-ANSWERSdifferences between organisms
of the same species
locus - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe position of a gene on a chromosome
, mitosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe type of nuclear division in which the
daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
monoclonal antibody - CORRECT-ANSWERSan antibody produced by a single
clone of cells
mutation - CORRECT-ANSWERSa sudden change in the amount or the
arrangement of the genetic material in the cell
nitrogen fixation - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe incoporation of atmospheric
nitrogen gas into organic nitrogen-containing compounds
osmosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe passage of water from a region of high
water potential to a region of low water potential through a selectively
permeable membrane
oxidation - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of electrons
passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERSresistance to disease that is acquired
from the introduction of antibodies from another individual
pathogen - CORRECT-ANSWERSa microorganism that causes disease
peptide bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe chemical bond formed between two
amino acids during condensation
reduction - CORRECT-ANSWERSgain of electrons
polymer - CORRECT-ANSWERSlarge molecule made up of repeating smaller
monomers
plasmid - CORRECT-ANSWERSsmall circular DNA in bacterial cells
primary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe sequence of amino
acids that makes up the polypeptides of a protein
secondary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe way in which the
chain of amino acids of the polypeptides of a protein is folded
tertiary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe folding of a whole
polypeptide chain determined by the sequence of amino acids
quaternary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSa number of
polypeptide chains linked together to form a protein
BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS YEAR 1
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
antigen - CORRECT-ANSWERSa molecule that triggers an immune response
antibiotic - CORRECT-ANSWERSa substance produced by living organisms
that can destroy the growth of organisms
emphysema - CORRECT-ANSWERSa disease in which the walls of the alveoli
break down, reducing the surface area for gaseous exchange
epidemiology - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe study of the spread of disease and
the factors that affect this spread
gene pool - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe total number of alleles in a particular
population at a specific time
habitat - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe place where an organism usually lives and
which is characterised by the physical conditions of the place
homologous chromosomes - CORRECT-ANSWERSa pair of chromosomes (one
maternal and one paternal) that have the same gene loci and therefore
determine the same features
human genome - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe totality of DNA sequences on the
chromosomes of a single human cell
intercropping - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe practice of growing two or more crops
in close proximity usually to produce greater yield on a piece of land
interspecific variation - CORRECT-ANSWERSdifferences between organisms
of different species
intraspecific variation - CORRECT-ANSWERSdifferences between organisms
of the same species
locus - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe position of a gene on a chromosome
, mitosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe type of nuclear division in which the
daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
monoclonal antibody - CORRECT-ANSWERSan antibody produced by a single
clone of cells
mutation - CORRECT-ANSWERSa sudden change in the amount or the
arrangement of the genetic material in the cell
nitrogen fixation - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe incoporation of atmospheric
nitrogen gas into organic nitrogen-containing compounds
osmosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe passage of water from a region of high
water potential to a region of low water potential through a selectively
permeable membrane
oxidation - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of electrons
passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERSresistance to disease that is acquired
from the introduction of antibodies from another individual
pathogen - CORRECT-ANSWERSa microorganism that causes disease
peptide bond - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe chemical bond formed between two
amino acids during condensation
reduction - CORRECT-ANSWERSgain of electrons
polymer - CORRECT-ANSWERSlarge molecule made up of repeating smaller
monomers
plasmid - CORRECT-ANSWERSsmall circular DNA in bacterial cells
primary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe sequence of amino
acids that makes up the polypeptides of a protein
secondary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe way in which the
chain of amino acids of the polypeptides of a protein is folded
tertiary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe folding of a whole
polypeptide chain determined by the sequence of amino acids
quaternary structure of a protein - CORRECT-ANSWERSa number of
polypeptide chains linked together to form a protein
