12/13/2018
DEFINITION
Injuries to the neonate resulting from mechanical , ischemic or
hypoxic insults during labour and delivery.
BIRTH TRAUMA.
THE HIGH RISK NEONATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
2-7 of every 1,000 births result in birth injuries despite
advances in obstertic and intrapartum care Prolonged or rapid delivery
Cephalopelvic disproportion, small maternal stature,
Birth injuries account for 2%-3% of neonatal deaths ( maternal pelvic anomalies
5-8 deaths per 100,000). Oligohydramnios
Abnormal presentation (breech)
Prolonged labour
CLASSIFICATION OF BIRTH INJURIES:
Instrument deliveries ( vaacum or forcep) Soft tissue
- Abrasions-a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin,
no deeper than the epidermis.
Very low birth weight or extreme prematurity
- Erythema petechia -Bleeding into the skin can occur from
Large babies – birth weight over about 4,000 grams broken blood vessels that form tiny red dots
- Ecchymosis – blood collects under the tissue in a very large
Fetal anomalies
bruised area
1
, 12/13/2018
- Lacerations- A wound is a type of injury which happens Skull
relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured - Caput succedaneum
- Cephalohematoma
- Subcutaneous fat necrosis - a rare form of panniculitis, an
inflammation of the subcutaneous and adipose tissue.
- Subgaleal haemorrhage
- It typically affects newborns. It is also known as adiponecrosis
subcutanea. It is a very rare disorder
- Linear fractures- breaks in the bone that transverse the full
thickness of the skull from the outer to inner table
- Intracranial hemorrhages
Face
- Subconjunctival haemorrhage- bleeding
underneath the conjunctiva
- Retinal hemorrhage - disorder of the eye in which
bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive
tissue, located on the back wall of the eye.
Peripheral nerve
- Brachial plexus palsy
- Unilateral vocal cord paralysis
- Radial nerve palsy
- Lumbosacral plexus injury
Cranial nerve and spinal cord injuries
- Facial palsy- a neurological condition in which
function of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is
partially or completely lost
Musculoskeletal injuries
- Clavicular fractures
- Fractures of long bones
- Sternocleido-mastoid injury
2
DEFINITION
Injuries to the neonate resulting from mechanical , ischemic or
hypoxic insults during labour and delivery.
BIRTH TRAUMA.
THE HIGH RISK NEONATE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
2-7 of every 1,000 births result in birth injuries despite
advances in obstertic and intrapartum care Prolonged or rapid delivery
Cephalopelvic disproportion, small maternal stature,
Birth injuries account for 2%-3% of neonatal deaths ( maternal pelvic anomalies
5-8 deaths per 100,000). Oligohydramnios
Abnormal presentation (breech)
Prolonged labour
CLASSIFICATION OF BIRTH INJURIES:
Instrument deliveries ( vaacum or forcep) Soft tissue
- Abrasions-a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin,
no deeper than the epidermis.
Very low birth weight or extreme prematurity
- Erythema petechia -Bleeding into the skin can occur from
Large babies – birth weight over about 4,000 grams broken blood vessels that form tiny red dots
- Ecchymosis – blood collects under the tissue in a very large
Fetal anomalies
bruised area
1
, 12/13/2018
- Lacerations- A wound is a type of injury which happens Skull
relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured - Caput succedaneum
- Cephalohematoma
- Subcutaneous fat necrosis - a rare form of panniculitis, an
inflammation of the subcutaneous and adipose tissue.
- Subgaleal haemorrhage
- It typically affects newborns. It is also known as adiponecrosis
subcutanea. It is a very rare disorder
- Linear fractures- breaks in the bone that transverse the full
thickness of the skull from the outer to inner table
- Intracranial hemorrhages
Face
- Subconjunctival haemorrhage- bleeding
underneath the conjunctiva
- Retinal hemorrhage - disorder of the eye in which
bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive
tissue, located on the back wall of the eye.
Peripheral nerve
- Brachial plexus palsy
- Unilateral vocal cord paralysis
- Radial nerve palsy
- Lumbosacral plexus injury
Cranial nerve and spinal cord injuries
- Facial palsy- a neurological condition in which
function of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is
partially or completely lost
Musculoskeletal injuries
- Clavicular fractures
- Fractures of long bones
- Sternocleido-mastoid injury
2
