NUR 2063 FINAL EXAM 2LATEST VERSIONS 2023 ESSENTIALS
OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RASMUSSEN
Descent of the uterus or cervix into the vagina due to weak pelvic muscles is called
what? - ANSWER: o Uterine prolapse
What is the term for undescended testicles? - ANSWER: o Cryptorchidism
What physiological reaction does the body have during fight or flight mode? -
ANSWER: o All vitals will increase
o Pupils will dilate
What is the state of equilibrium or balance within the body called? - ANSWER: o
Homeostasis
The functions of ribosomes is what? - ANSWER: o Protein synthesis (make proteins)
What hormone in the body will increase blood sugar? - ANSWER: o Glucagon
What hormone in the body will decrease blood sugar? - ANSWER: o Insulin
What chemicals does the endocrine system rely on to function? - ANSWER: o
Hormones
What type of cell division only happens in sperm and ova? - ANSWER: o Meiosis
What can be a cause of edema? - ANSWER: o Decrease in the plasma protein
What are the intracellular electrolytes? - ANSWER: o Potassium and Magnesium
What is the normal range of potassium? - ANSWER: o 3.5-5
What is the normal range of sodium? - ANSWER: o 135-145
What is the normal range of calcium? - ANSWER: o 8-10
What is the normal range of pH - ANSWER: o 7.35-7.45
What is the normal range of bicarbonate? - ANSWER: o 22-26
What is the normal range of carbon dioxide? - ANSWER: o 35-45
Hyponatremia can cause what that is fatal? - ANSWER: o Brain swelling
,What organ stores calcium? - ANSWER: o Bones
Manifestations of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: o Thirst
o Altered level of consciousness
o Bounding Pulses
o Crackles in the lungs
o Insufficient circulating blood volume
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? - ANSWER: o Symptoms are
subjective
o Signs are objective
What is an example of insensible water loss? - ANSWER: o Sweating
o Breathing
Which type of solution will lead to fluid shift from extracellular to intracellular? -
ANSWER: o Hypotonic
What is the movement of fluids between the interstitial and intracellular
compartments? - ANSWER: o Osmosis
What is the movement of electrolytes over the plasma membrane? - ANSWER: o
Diffusion
• What deficiency can cause hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality? -
ANSWER: o Water/ Fluids
What is the role of our lungs in maintaining the acid base balance? - ANSWER: o
Expel carbon dioxide
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER: o Diarrhea
What type of solution is normal saline? - ANSWER: o Isotonic
What type of solution will lead to fluid shifting from intracellular to intravascular? -
ANSWER: o Hypertonic
Fluid volume deficit manifestations? - ANSWER: o Thirst
o Dry mucous membranes
What is sepsis? - ANSWER: o An example of severe inflammation
o Infection of the entire body
What is the best way to prevent transmission of infectious agents? - ANSWER: o
Hand washing
What type of chemicals are released that cause swelling? - ANSWER: o Histamine
, Why does an area of inflammation become hot and red? - ANSWER: o Increased
blood flow to the area because of histamine
Is a fever an alteration in the normal homeostasis of the body? - ANSWER: o Yes
During seasonal allergies, what is the role of histamine? - ANSWER: o Causes
vasodilation
In the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) during the alarm stage what stress
hormones are released? - ANSWER: o Catecholamines (Epinephrine and
Norepinephrine) and Cortisol
During an anaphylaxis attack, what is happening? - ANSWER: o Bronchiole
constriction
o Vasodilation
o Increased capillary permeability
Rheumatoid arthritis is what type of disease? - ANSWER: o Autoimmune
• Give an example of passive immunity - ANSWER: o Breastmilk (passed from mom
to baby)
• Which type of white blood cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity and the
production of immunoglobulins? - ANSWER: o Lymphocytes
What is leukocytosis? - ANSWER: o Increased white blood cells
What type of immunity is a vaccination? - ANSWER: o Artificial
o Acquired
o Active
What type of immunity is ready made antibodies injection? - ANSWER: o Artificial
o Passive
What is an example of type 4 immunity? - ANSWER: o Contact dermatitis
Metastasis means what? - ANSWER: o Cancer has started to invade surrounding cells
What is the main goal of systemic chemotherapy? - ANSWER: o Kill all fast-replicating
cells
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? - ANSWER: o Benign
tumors are encapsulated while malignant are not
o Benign tumors grow at a slow rate
What symptoms can a cancer patient present with? - ANSWER: o Fatigue
OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RASMUSSEN
Descent of the uterus or cervix into the vagina due to weak pelvic muscles is called
what? - ANSWER: o Uterine prolapse
What is the term for undescended testicles? - ANSWER: o Cryptorchidism
What physiological reaction does the body have during fight or flight mode? -
ANSWER: o All vitals will increase
o Pupils will dilate
What is the state of equilibrium or balance within the body called? - ANSWER: o
Homeostasis
The functions of ribosomes is what? - ANSWER: o Protein synthesis (make proteins)
What hormone in the body will increase blood sugar? - ANSWER: o Glucagon
What hormone in the body will decrease blood sugar? - ANSWER: o Insulin
What chemicals does the endocrine system rely on to function? - ANSWER: o
Hormones
What type of cell division only happens in sperm and ova? - ANSWER: o Meiosis
What can be a cause of edema? - ANSWER: o Decrease in the plasma protein
What are the intracellular electrolytes? - ANSWER: o Potassium and Magnesium
What is the normal range of potassium? - ANSWER: o 3.5-5
What is the normal range of sodium? - ANSWER: o 135-145
What is the normal range of calcium? - ANSWER: o 8-10
What is the normal range of pH - ANSWER: o 7.35-7.45
What is the normal range of bicarbonate? - ANSWER: o 22-26
What is the normal range of carbon dioxide? - ANSWER: o 35-45
Hyponatremia can cause what that is fatal? - ANSWER: o Brain swelling
,What organ stores calcium? - ANSWER: o Bones
Manifestations of hypovolemia? - ANSWER: o Thirst
o Altered level of consciousness
o Bounding Pulses
o Crackles in the lungs
o Insufficient circulating blood volume
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? - ANSWER: o Symptoms are
subjective
o Signs are objective
What is an example of insensible water loss? - ANSWER: o Sweating
o Breathing
Which type of solution will lead to fluid shift from extracellular to intracellular? -
ANSWER: o Hypotonic
What is the movement of fluids between the interstitial and intracellular
compartments? - ANSWER: o Osmosis
What is the movement of electrolytes over the plasma membrane? - ANSWER: o
Diffusion
• What deficiency can cause hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality? -
ANSWER: o Water/ Fluids
What is the role of our lungs in maintaining the acid base balance? - ANSWER: o
Expel carbon dioxide
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER: o Diarrhea
What type of solution is normal saline? - ANSWER: o Isotonic
What type of solution will lead to fluid shifting from intracellular to intravascular? -
ANSWER: o Hypertonic
Fluid volume deficit manifestations? - ANSWER: o Thirst
o Dry mucous membranes
What is sepsis? - ANSWER: o An example of severe inflammation
o Infection of the entire body
What is the best way to prevent transmission of infectious agents? - ANSWER: o
Hand washing
What type of chemicals are released that cause swelling? - ANSWER: o Histamine
, Why does an area of inflammation become hot and red? - ANSWER: o Increased
blood flow to the area because of histamine
Is a fever an alteration in the normal homeostasis of the body? - ANSWER: o Yes
During seasonal allergies, what is the role of histamine? - ANSWER: o Causes
vasodilation
In the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) during the alarm stage what stress
hormones are released? - ANSWER: o Catecholamines (Epinephrine and
Norepinephrine) and Cortisol
During an anaphylaxis attack, what is happening? - ANSWER: o Bronchiole
constriction
o Vasodilation
o Increased capillary permeability
Rheumatoid arthritis is what type of disease? - ANSWER: o Autoimmune
• Give an example of passive immunity - ANSWER: o Breastmilk (passed from mom
to baby)
• Which type of white blood cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity and the
production of immunoglobulins? - ANSWER: o Lymphocytes
What is leukocytosis? - ANSWER: o Increased white blood cells
What type of immunity is a vaccination? - ANSWER: o Artificial
o Acquired
o Active
What type of immunity is ready made antibodies injection? - ANSWER: o Artificial
o Passive
What is an example of type 4 immunity? - ANSWER: o Contact dermatitis
Metastasis means what? - ANSWER: o Cancer has started to invade surrounding cells
What is the main goal of systemic chemotherapy? - ANSWER: o Kill all fast-replicating
cells
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? - ANSWER: o Benign
tumors are encapsulated while malignant are not
o Benign tumors grow at a slow rate
What symptoms can a cancer patient present with? - ANSWER: o Fatigue
