NR 283 Final Exam Review Chamberlain
Decreased Bone Mineral Density - ✅-Osetoporosis
Bone remodeling leads to increased bone reabsorption, leads to decreased
✅
bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures. Increased
osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. - -Osteoporosis
Pathophysiology
1. Postmenopausal women
2. Aging
3. Sedentary Lifestyle
✅
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Smoking - -Risk factors for Osteoporosis
✅
Autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic inflammation -
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
1. Neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage
2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone
3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
✅
4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints -
-Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage
breaks down causing stiff joints and pain.
✅
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional
symptoms include fever and affects all synovial joints. - -Difference
between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis
✅
Condition last < 3 months. Body's protective mechanism. Can be classified
as somatic, visceral, or referred. - -Acute Pain
Lasts > 6 months. Non-protective, Poorly understood. - ✅-Chronic pain
, Dysfunction of the nervous system. i.e. Fibromyalgia - ✅-Neuropathic pain
✅
What is the treatment that increases or decreases transmission of pain
signals. - -Pain management
✅
What are the chemicals that the nervous system uses to communicate with
a brain. - -Neurotransmitters
Nociceptors receptor at the end of a sensory neuron's axon that responds
✅
to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending possible threat
signals to the spinal cord and the brain - -Pain Transduction
What pain pathway signal goes to the central nervous system - ✅-Pain
transmission
Pain pathway how the brain interprets the pain signal - ✅-Pain perception
✅
Minimum amount of stimuli that it takes for you to perceive pain. This
pathway is the same for everyone - -Pain threshold
✅
The amount of pain the body can handle before you involuntarily remove
the stimuli. - -Pain tolerance
✅
The type of pain that transmit from the peripheral nervous system to the
central nervous system - -Afferent
✅
When the pain goes from the central nervous system to the peripheral
nervous system tell somebody how to react. - -Efferent
✅
Chemicals released usually during exercise to prevent pain transmission
signals. - -Endorphins
✅
What chemical reduces translation of pain. This usually happens after the
labor/childbirth - -Serotonin and GABA
Decreased Bone Mineral Density - ✅-Osetoporosis
Bone remodeling leads to increased bone reabsorption, leads to decreased
✅
bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures. Increased
osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. - -Osteoporosis
Pathophysiology
1. Postmenopausal women
2. Aging
3. Sedentary Lifestyle
✅
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Smoking - -Risk factors for Osteoporosis
✅
Autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic inflammation -
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
1. Neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage
2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone
3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
✅
4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints -
-Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage
breaks down causing stiff joints and pain.
✅
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional
symptoms include fever and affects all synovial joints. - -Difference
between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis
✅
Condition last < 3 months. Body's protective mechanism. Can be classified
as somatic, visceral, or referred. - -Acute Pain
Lasts > 6 months. Non-protective, Poorly understood. - ✅-Chronic pain
, Dysfunction of the nervous system. i.e. Fibromyalgia - ✅-Neuropathic pain
✅
What is the treatment that increases or decreases transmission of pain
signals. - -Pain management
✅
What are the chemicals that the nervous system uses to communicate with
a brain. - -Neurotransmitters
Nociceptors receptor at the end of a sensory neuron's axon that responds
✅
to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending possible threat
signals to the spinal cord and the brain - -Pain Transduction
What pain pathway signal goes to the central nervous system - ✅-Pain
transmission
Pain pathway how the brain interprets the pain signal - ✅-Pain perception
✅
Minimum amount of stimuli that it takes for you to perceive pain. This
pathway is the same for everyone - -Pain threshold
✅
The amount of pain the body can handle before you involuntarily remove
the stimuli. - -Pain tolerance
✅
The type of pain that transmit from the peripheral nervous system to the
central nervous system - -Afferent
✅
When the pain goes from the central nervous system to the peripheral
nervous system tell somebody how to react. - -Efferent
✅
Chemicals released usually during exercise to prevent pain transmission
signals. - -Endorphins
✅
What chemical reduces translation of pain. This usually happens after the
labor/childbirth - -Serotonin and GABA
