NR602 Midterm Study questions with correct answers
Presumptive signs of pregnancy Correct Answer-Subjective signs.
Amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased urinary frequency, excessive
fatigue, breast tenderness, quickening at 18-20 weeks.
Probable signs of pregnancy Correct Answer-Objective Signs. Goodell
sign (softening of cervix), Chadwick sign (cervix is blue/purple),
Hegar's sign (softening of lower uterine segment), uterine enlargement,
Braxton Hicks contractions (may be plapated by 28 weeks), uterine
souffle (soft blowing sound due to blood pulsating through the placenta),
integumentary pigment changes, ballottement, fetal outline definable,
positive pregnancy test (could be hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma,
increased pituitary gonadotropins at menopause).
Positive signs of pregnancy Correct Answer-Diagnostic. Fetal heart rate
auscultated by fetoscope at 17-20 weeks or by Doppler at 10-12 weeks,
Palpable fetal movement after 20 weeks, visualization of fetus with
cardiac activity by ultrasound (fetal parts visible by 8 weeks).
Pregnancy and fundal height measurement Correct Answer-As
pregnancy progresses, the fundus rises out of the pelvis. At 12 weeks
gestation, the fundus is located at the level of the symphysis pubis and
the umbilicus. By 20 weeks gestation, the fundus is at the same height as
the umbilicus. Until term, the fundus enlarges 1 cm per week. As the
time for birth approaches, the fundal height drops slightly. This process
is called lighting and occurs mostly for primigravida and may not occur
for woman who are multigravida until she goes into labor.
,Naegele's rule Correct Answer-The EDB for women with 28 day cycles
- Nagele's rule - Add 7 days to LMP then subtract 3 months.
Example: 4/23 LMP of April 23 + 7 days = 4/30 (April 30th) - 3 months
= January 30th (following year)
Hematological changes during pregnancy Correct Answer-During
pregnancy, the heart is displaced upward and to the with withing the
chest cavity by the gravid uterus's pressure on the diaphragm. As
pregnancy progresses, the risk for inferior vena cava and aortic
compression leading to supine hypotension increases when the woman
lies in a supine position. Advice pregnant women to lie left lateral
position. Cardiac output in pregnancy increases by 30-50%. Peaks in
early third trimester and maintained until birth. Stroke volume is also
increased during pregnancy by 20-30% which allows for the 30%
increase in oxygen consumption observed during pregnancy. Heart rate
and heart sounds changes. Volume of the first heart sound may be
increased with splitting. 3rd heart sound may be detected. Systolic
murmurs may be detected. Increase of 15-20 beats/min by 32 weeks
gestation. BP decreases by 5-15 mm Hg due to peripheral vascular
resistance. 1st and 3rd trimester should be pre-pregnancy values. Blood
volume increases by 30-50% and peaks at 30-34 weeks gestation. 75%
of the increase of blood volume is plasma. Blood volume changes results
in anemia due to the hemodilution. Clotting factors increase as well
creating a risk for clotting during pregnancy.
Indications and contraindications for prescribing combined estrogen
birth control Correct Answer-Combined Estrogen - Take everyday, has
hormone free intervals of 7 days,
, Indications - Safe for healthy women. Studies show a decrease in the
possibility of endometrial or cervical cancer not found with the mini pill
or POP.
Contraindications - direct effects of the hormonal ingredient, as in breast
cancer, or thromboembolism.
Indications and contraindications for prescribing progesterone-only birth
control Correct Answer-Progesterone-only - Mini pill - must take every
day at the same time and there are no hormone free intervals. These pills
only thicken the cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy. Make the mucus
thick for 22 hours so it needs to be taken constantly to avoid the mucus
to return to regular consistency.
Indications - POPs are a safe method for many women who cannot take
estrogen for medical reasons. POPs are preferable to COCs for lactating
women because they do not cause adverse effects on the volume or
quality of breastmilk.
Contraindications - almost none.
menarche Correct Answer-The initiation of menstruation, called
menarche, usually happens between the ages of 12 and 15
Influenza (flu)a Correct Answer-Women who are pregnant are at
increased risk for flu-related complications.
Any gestation when the injection is available
Presumptive signs of pregnancy Correct Answer-Subjective signs.
Amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased urinary frequency, excessive
fatigue, breast tenderness, quickening at 18-20 weeks.
Probable signs of pregnancy Correct Answer-Objective Signs. Goodell
sign (softening of cervix), Chadwick sign (cervix is blue/purple),
Hegar's sign (softening of lower uterine segment), uterine enlargement,
Braxton Hicks contractions (may be plapated by 28 weeks), uterine
souffle (soft blowing sound due to blood pulsating through the placenta),
integumentary pigment changes, ballottement, fetal outline definable,
positive pregnancy test (could be hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma,
increased pituitary gonadotropins at menopause).
Positive signs of pregnancy Correct Answer-Diagnostic. Fetal heart rate
auscultated by fetoscope at 17-20 weeks or by Doppler at 10-12 weeks,
Palpable fetal movement after 20 weeks, visualization of fetus with
cardiac activity by ultrasound (fetal parts visible by 8 weeks).
Pregnancy and fundal height measurement Correct Answer-As
pregnancy progresses, the fundus rises out of the pelvis. At 12 weeks
gestation, the fundus is located at the level of the symphysis pubis and
the umbilicus. By 20 weeks gestation, the fundus is at the same height as
the umbilicus. Until term, the fundus enlarges 1 cm per week. As the
time for birth approaches, the fundal height drops slightly. This process
is called lighting and occurs mostly for primigravida and may not occur
for woman who are multigravida until she goes into labor.
,Naegele's rule Correct Answer-The EDB for women with 28 day cycles
- Nagele's rule - Add 7 days to LMP then subtract 3 months.
Example: 4/23 LMP of April 23 + 7 days = 4/30 (April 30th) - 3 months
= January 30th (following year)
Hematological changes during pregnancy Correct Answer-During
pregnancy, the heart is displaced upward and to the with withing the
chest cavity by the gravid uterus's pressure on the diaphragm. As
pregnancy progresses, the risk for inferior vena cava and aortic
compression leading to supine hypotension increases when the woman
lies in a supine position. Advice pregnant women to lie left lateral
position. Cardiac output in pregnancy increases by 30-50%. Peaks in
early third trimester and maintained until birth. Stroke volume is also
increased during pregnancy by 20-30% which allows for the 30%
increase in oxygen consumption observed during pregnancy. Heart rate
and heart sounds changes. Volume of the first heart sound may be
increased with splitting. 3rd heart sound may be detected. Systolic
murmurs may be detected. Increase of 15-20 beats/min by 32 weeks
gestation. BP decreases by 5-15 mm Hg due to peripheral vascular
resistance. 1st and 3rd trimester should be pre-pregnancy values. Blood
volume increases by 30-50% and peaks at 30-34 weeks gestation. 75%
of the increase of blood volume is plasma. Blood volume changes results
in anemia due to the hemodilution. Clotting factors increase as well
creating a risk for clotting during pregnancy.
Indications and contraindications for prescribing combined estrogen
birth control Correct Answer-Combined Estrogen - Take everyday, has
hormone free intervals of 7 days,
, Indications - Safe for healthy women. Studies show a decrease in the
possibility of endometrial or cervical cancer not found with the mini pill
or POP.
Contraindications - direct effects of the hormonal ingredient, as in breast
cancer, or thromboembolism.
Indications and contraindications for prescribing progesterone-only birth
control Correct Answer-Progesterone-only - Mini pill - must take every
day at the same time and there are no hormone free intervals. These pills
only thicken the cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy. Make the mucus
thick for 22 hours so it needs to be taken constantly to avoid the mucus
to return to regular consistency.
Indications - POPs are a safe method for many women who cannot take
estrogen for medical reasons. POPs are preferable to COCs for lactating
women because they do not cause adverse effects on the volume or
quality of breastmilk.
Contraindications - almost none.
menarche Correct Answer-The initiation of menstruation, called
menarche, usually happens between the ages of 12 and 15
Influenza (flu)a Correct Answer-Women who are pregnant are at
increased risk for flu-related complications.
Any gestation when the injection is available
