©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
PHAR 509 Midterm Exam Practice Questions and
Answers
What is evidence-based medicine? - Ans:✔✔-The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the best
current evidence in making clinical decisions about the care of individual patients.
-Includes the integration of individual clinical experience with the best available clinical evidence from
systematic research.
-As opposed to expert-based medicine.
What are the steps to clinical decision making? - Ans:✔✔-1. Ask a focused clinical question.
2. Efficiently find the best available evidence.
3. Critically appraise the evidence for validity of methods, results, and conclusions.
4. Determine the clinical relevance and significance of the results.
5. Integrate appraisal with clinical expertise.
6. Apply the assessment to a patient situation.
7. Evaluate the patient outcome.
Page 1/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is the Hierarchy of Evidence? - Ans:✔✔-1. Meta-analysis, systematic reviews
2. Randomized, controlled, double-blind studies
3. Randomized, controlled studies
4. Cohort studies
5. Case control studies
6. Case series
7. Case reports
8. Ideas, editorials, opinions
9. Animal research
10. In vitro research
What is PubMed? - Ans:✔✔-Comprises more than 27 million citations for biomedical literature from
MEDLINE, the science journals, and online books.
When you type in something to be searched on the pubmed database, where does it search for the
information? - Ans:✔✔-In ALL fields.
Page 2/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Why would you use an advanced search? - Ans:✔✔-Because it can create a builder and search for exactly
what you are looking for.
What is the advantage of using NCBI over Clipboard? - Ans:✔✔-My NCBI Collections is used to save
indefinitely, whereas Clipboard is used to save citations temporarily.
What is a systematic review? - Ans:✔✔-ORIGINAL
-Clearly defined question with inclusion and exclusion criteria.
-Rigorous and systematic search of literature - Published and Unpublished
-Critical appraisal of included studies
-Data extraction and management
-Analysis and interpretation of results
-Report for publication
What are clinical queries, and how do they differ from filters? - Ans:✔✔-Clinical Queries: Online search
filters designed to improve the retrieval of scientifically strong and clinically relevant articles from
PubMed database and MEDLINE.
-Can search by a clinical study category, find systematic reviews, and run medical genetic searches.
Clinical Trial Filters are by publication type only.
Page 3/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is a narrative review? - Ans:✔✔--Quick overview of current studies
-Helps explain why your study is important in the context of literature
-Helps identify areas that need further research
What is a meta-analysis? - Ans:✔✔-Quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar
experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance.
-All meta-analyses should be part of a systematic review, but not all systematic reviews will include a
meta-analysis.
What is a MeSH term? - Ans:✔✔-MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) is the National Library of Medicine's
controlled vocabulary thesaurus, used for indexing articles for the MEDLINE®/PubMED® database.
What is Mendeley? - Ans:✔✔-Reference manager which is:
1. Free
2. Organizes your research
3. Collaborate with other online
4. Discover new research
Page 4/33
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
PHAR 509 Midterm Exam Practice Questions and
Answers
What is evidence-based medicine? - Ans:✔✔-The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the best
current evidence in making clinical decisions about the care of individual patients.
-Includes the integration of individual clinical experience with the best available clinical evidence from
systematic research.
-As opposed to expert-based medicine.
What are the steps to clinical decision making? - Ans:✔✔-1. Ask a focused clinical question.
2. Efficiently find the best available evidence.
3. Critically appraise the evidence for validity of methods, results, and conclusions.
4. Determine the clinical relevance and significance of the results.
5. Integrate appraisal with clinical expertise.
6. Apply the assessment to a patient situation.
7. Evaluate the patient outcome.
Page 1/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is the Hierarchy of Evidence? - Ans:✔✔-1. Meta-analysis, systematic reviews
2. Randomized, controlled, double-blind studies
3. Randomized, controlled studies
4. Cohort studies
5. Case control studies
6. Case series
7. Case reports
8. Ideas, editorials, opinions
9. Animal research
10. In vitro research
What is PubMed? - Ans:✔✔-Comprises more than 27 million citations for biomedical literature from
MEDLINE, the science journals, and online books.
When you type in something to be searched on the pubmed database, where does it search for the
information? - Ans:✔✔-In ALL fields.
Page 2/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Why would you use an advanced search? - Ans:✔✔-Because it can create a builder and search for exactly
what you are looking for.
What is the advantage of using NCBI over Clipboard? - Ans:✔✔-My NCBI Collections is used to save
indefinitely, whereas Clipboard is used to save citations temporarily.
What is a systematic review? - Ans:✔✔-ORIGINAL
-Clearly defined question with inclusion and exclusion criteria.
-Rigorous and systematic search of literature - Published and Unpublished
-Critical appraisal of included studies
-Data extraction and management
-Analysis and interpretation of results
-Report for publication
What are clinical queries, and how do they differ from filters? - Ans:✔✔-Clinical Queries: Online search
filters designed to improve the retrieval of scientifically strong and clinically relevant articles from
PubMed database and MEDLINE.
-Can search by a clinical study category, find systematic reviews, and run medical genetic searches.
Clinical Trial Filters are by publication type only.
Page 3/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is a narrative review? - Ans:✔✔--Quick overview of current studies
-Helps explain why your study is important in the context of literature
-Helps identify areas that need further research
What is a meta-analysis? - Ans:✔✔-Quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar
experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance.
-All meta-analyses should be part of a systematic review, but not all systematic reviews will include a
meta-analysis.
What is a MeSH term? - Ans:✔✔-MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) is the National Library of Medicine's
controlled vocabulary thesaurus, used for indexing articles for the MEDLINE®/PubMED® database.
What is Mendeley? - Ans:✔✔-Reference manager which is:
1. Free
2. Organizes your research
3. Collaborate with other online
4. Discover new research
Page 4/33
