©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NR 509 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions
Suspicious breast mass - Ans:✔✔--A mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached
to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to the
pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying tissues, strongly suggest
cancer
Risk for Breast cancer - Ans:✔✔---*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed estrogen exposure related to
early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst - Ans:✔✔-Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast - Ans:✔✔--Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move the fingers medially and
palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you
reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) - Ans:✔✔--Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal walls, usually not profuse,
may be minimal
Page 2/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders); sniff for fishy odor after
applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis - Ans:✔✔--Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many
factors predispose, including antibiotic therapy
-Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse as trichomonal infection, not
malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a variable extent; the vaginal
mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious patches of discharge; the mucosa may bleed when these
patches are scraped off; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis - Ans:✔✔--Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan; often but not always acquired
sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and pooled in the vaginal fornix; may
be malodorous
Page 3/16
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NR 509 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions
Suspicious breast mass - Ans:✔✔--A mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached
to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to the
pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying tissues, strongly suggest
cancer
Risk for Breast cancer - Ans:✔✔---*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed estrogen exposure related to
early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
Page 1/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst - Ans:✔✔-Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast - Ans:✔✔--Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move the fingers medially and
palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you
reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) - Ans:✔✔--Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal walls, usually not profuse,
may be minimal
Page 2/16
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders); sniff for fishy odor after
applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis - Ans:✔✔--Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many
factors predispose, including antibiotic therapy
-Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse as trichomonal infection, not
malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a variable extent; the vaginal
mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious patches of discharge; the mucosa may bleed when these
patches are scraped off; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis - Ans:✔✔--Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan; often but not always acquired
sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and pooled in the vaginal fornix; may
be malodorous
Page 3/16
