NR509 Week 4 Exam Practice Questions and Answers

NR509 Week 4 Exam Practice Questions and Answers The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called the: a. Pericardium. b. Myocardium. c. Endocardium. d. Pleural space. - Ans:-a. Pericardium. The direction of blood flow through the heart is best described by which of these? a. Vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - pulmonary artery - left atrium - left ventricle b. Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle c. Aorta - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - vena cava d. Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary vein - lungs - pulmonary artery - left atrium - left ventricle - Ans:-b. Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/37 The nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiologic functioning of the heart. Which statement best describes what is meant by atrial kick? a. The atria contract during systole and attempt to push against closed valves. b. Contraction of the atria at the beginning of diastole can be felt as a palpitation. c... Atrial kick is the pressure exerted against the atria as the ventricles contract during systole. d. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles. - Ans:-d. The atria contract toward the end of diastole and push the remaining blood into the ventricles. When listening to heart sounds, the nurse knows the valve closures that can be heard best at the base of the heart are: a. Mitral and tricuspid. b. Tricuspid and aortic. c. Aortic and pulmonic. d. Mitral and pulmonic. - Ans:-c. Aortic and pulmonic. Which of these statements describes the closure of the valves in a normal cardiac cycle? a. The aortic valve closes slightly before the tricuspid valve. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/37 b. The pulmonic valve closes slightly before the aortic valve. c. The tricuspid valve closes slightly later than the mitral valve. d. Both the tricuspid and pulmonic valves close at the same time. - Ans:-c. The tricuspid valve closes slightly later than the mitral valve. The component of the conduction system referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is the: a. Atrioventricular (AV) node. b. Sinoatrial (SA) node. c. Bundle of His. d. Bundle branches. - Ans:-b. Sinoatrial (SA) node. The electrical stimulus of the cardiac cycle follows which sequence? a. AV node - SA node - bundle of His b. Bundle of His - AV node - SA node c. SA node - AV node - bundle of His - bundle branches d. AV node - SA node - bundle of His - bundle branches - Ans:-d. AV node - SA node - bundle of His - bundle branches ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/37 The findings from an assessment of a 70-year-old patient with swelling in his ankles include jugular venous pulsations 5 cm above the sternal angle when the head of his bed is elevated 45 degrees. The nurse knows that this finding indicates: a. Decreased fluid volume. b... Increased cardiac output. c. Narrowing of jugular veins. d. Elevated pressure related to heart failure. - Ans:-d. Elevated pressure related to heart failure. When assessing a newborn infant who is 5 minutes old, the nurse knows which of these statements to be true? a. The left ventricle is larger and weighs more than the right ventricle. b. The circulation of a newborn is identical to that of an adult. c. Blood can flow into the left side of the heart through an opening in the atrial septum. d... The foramen ovale closes just minutes before birth, and the ductus arteriosus closes immediately after. - Ans:-c. Blood can flow into the left side of the heart through an opening in the atrial septum. ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/37 A 25-year-old woman in her fifth month of pregnancy has a blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg. In reviewing her previous examination, the nurse notes that her blood pressure in her second month was 124/80 mm Hg. In evaluating this change, what does the nurse know to be true? a. This decline in blood pressure is the result of peripheral vasodilatation and is an expected change. b. Because of increased cardiac output, the blood pressure should be higher at this time. c. This change in blood pressure is not an expected finding because it means a decrease in cardiac output. d. This decline in blood pressure means a decrease in circulating blood volume, which is dangerous for the fetus. - Ans:-a. This decline in blood pressure is the result of peripheral vasodilatation and is an expected change. In assessing a 70-year-old man, the nurse finds the following: blood pressure 140/100 mm Hg; heart rate 104 beats per minute and slightly irregular; and the split S2 heart sound. Which of these findings can be explained by expected hemodynamic changes related to age? a. Increase in resting heart rate b. Increase in systolic blood pressure c. Decrease in diastolic blood pressure d... Increase in diastolic blood pressure - Ans:-b. Increase in systolic blood pressure