©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
EES 4860 Midterm Exam Study Guide Solutions
sustainability - Ans:✔✔-the possibility that human and other forms of life will flourish on the planet
forever, integrating social, environment, and economic aspects
hitchhiker resources - Ans:✔✔-may be either diminshed or enhance by a change in the production of
some other commodity
cradle-to-grave - Ans:✔✔-a study (LCA) looking at all of the life cycle phases (all 8: raw materials,
materials processing, manufacture, transportation, installation, operation, maintenance, end-of-life)
cradle-to-gate - Ans:✔✔-an LCA study that examines the material extracting, per-manufacture,
manufacture and some transportation for a water bottle would be considered
________________________
gate-to-gate - Ans:✔✔-an LCA study that only looks at the life cycle phases of one to another (i.e. raw
materials to materials processing or pre-manufacture to manufactur)
inventory - Ans:✔✔-creating a list of flows from and to nature for a product system
interpretation - Ans:✔✔-a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate information to
produce a set of conclusions and recommendations for the study
Page 1/24
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
scope - Ans:✔✔-defines LCA purpose expected product, boundary conditions, functinoal unit and
assumptions
system expansion - Ans:✔✔-some solutions to multiple product systems are partioning,
______________, and sub-division
functional unit - Ans:✔✔-a reference flow to which all other modeled flows of the system are related
economic - Ans:✔✔-the least favorable partioning method according to ISO 14044
allocation - Ans:✔✔-apportioning the input or output flows of a unit process to the product system
under focus
strong model - Ans:✔✔-has 3 pillars of sustainability (economy, society, and environment) and each
pillar is part of a hierarchy in which environment should predominate, and then society, and then
economy at the very bottom of the totem pole in order to obtain sustainability
weak model - Ans:✔✔-has 3 pillars of sustainability (economy, society, and environment) and says that
each pillar may be sustained separately
daly rules - Ans:✔✔-states three things:
1. renewable resources (fish, soil, gw) must be used no faster than the rate at which they regenerate
Page 2/24
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
2. nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels must be used no faster than renewable
substitutes for them can be put into place
3. pollution and wastes must be emitted no faster than natural systems can absorb them, recycle them,
or render them harmless
natural step framework - Ans:✔✔-states that in a sustainable society, nature is not subject to
systematically increasing:
1. concentrations of substances extracted from the earth's crust
2. concentrations of substances produced by society
3. degradation by physical means
4. and, in that society, people are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity
to meet their needs
ecological footprint - Ans:✔✔-the measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems
five capitals model - Ans:✔✔-states that "by maintaining and trying to increase stocks of these capital
assets, we can live off the income without reducing the capital itself"
the 5 capitals are: manufactured capital, financial capital, social capital, human capital, and natural
capital
Page 3/24
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
EES 4860 Midterm Exam Study Guide Solutions
sustainability - Ans:✔✔-the possibility that human and other forms of life will flourish on the planet
forever, integrating social, environment, and economic aspects
hitchhiker resources - Ans:✔✔-may be either diminshed or enhance by a change in the production of
some other commodity
cradle-to-grave - Ans:✔✔-a study (LCA) looking at all of the life cycle phases (all 8: raw materials,
materials processing, manufacture, transportation, installation, operation, maintenance, end-of-life)
cradle-to-gate - Ans:✔✔-an LCA study that examines the material extracting, per-manufacture,
manufacture and some transportation for a water bottle would be considered
________________________
gate-to-gate - Ans:✔✔-an LCA study that only looks at the life cycle phases of one to another (i.e. raw
materials to materials processing or pre-manufacture to manufactur)
inventory - Ans:✔✔-creating a list of flows from and to nature for a product system
interpretation - Ans:✔✔-a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate information to
produce a set of conclusions and recommendations for the study
Page 1/24
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
scope - Ans:✔✔-defines LCA purpose expected product, boundary conditions, functinoal unit and
assumptions
system expansion - Ans:✔✔-some solutions to multiple product systems are partioning,
______________, and sub-division
functional unit - Ans:✔✔-a reference flow to which all other modeled flows of the system are related
economic - Ans:✔✔-the least favorable partioning method according to ISO 14044
allocation - Ans:✔✔-apportioning the input or output flows of a unit process to the product system
under focus
strong model - Ans:✔✔-has 3 pillars of sustainability (economy, society, and environment) and each
pillar is part of a hierarchy in which environment should predominate, and then society, and then
economy at the very bottom of the totem pole in order to obtain sustainability
weak model - Ans:✔✔-has 3 pillars of sustainability (economy, society, and environment) and says that
each pillar may be sustained separately
daly rules - Ans:✔✔-states three things:
1. renewable resources (fish, soil, gw) must be used no faster than the rate at which they regenerate
Page 2/24
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
2. nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels must be used no faster than renewable
substitutes for them can be put into place
3. pollution and wastes must be emitted no faster than natural systems can absorb them, recycle them,
or render them harmless
natural step framework - Ans:✔✔-states that in a sustainable society, nature is not subject to
systematically increasing:
1. concentrations of substances extracted from the earth's crust
2. concentrations of substances produced by society
3. degradation by physical means
4. and, in that society, people are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity
to meet their needs
ecological footprint - Ans:✔✔-the measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems
five capitals model - Ans:✔✔-states that "by maintaining and trying to increase stocks of these capital
assets, we can live off the income without reducing the capital itself"
the 5 capitals are: manufactured capital, financial capital, social capital, human capital, and natural
capital
Page 3/24
